Porth's Pathophysiology Concepts of Altered Health 10th Edition Test Bank
Chapter 1- Concepts of Health and Disease
1. At an international nursing conference, many discussions and breakout sessions focused
on the World Health Organization (WHO) views on health. Of the following comments
made by nurses during a discussion session, which statements would be considered a
good representation of the WHO definition? Select all that apply.
A) Interests in keeping the elderly population engaged in such activities as book
reviews and word games during social time
B) Increase in the number of chair aerobics classes provided in the skilled care
facilities
C) Interventions geared toward keeping the elderly population diagnosed with
diabetes mellitus under tight blood glucose control by providing in-home cooking
classes
D) Providing transportation for renal dialysis patients to and from their hemodialysis
sessions
E) Providing handwashing teaching sessions to a group of young children
Ans: A, B, C, E
Feedback:
The WHO definition of health is defined as ―a state of complete physical, mental, and
social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity.‖ Engaging in
book reviews facilitates mental and social well-being; chair aerobics helps facilitate
physical well-being; and assisting with tight control of diabetes helps with facilitating
physical well-being even though the person has a chronic disease. Handwashing is vital
in the prevention of disease and spread of germs.
2. A community health nurse is teaching a group of recent graduates about the large
variety of factors that influence an individual's health or lack thereof. The nurse is
referring to the Healthy People 2020 report from the U.S. Department of Health and
Human Services as a teaching example. Of the following aspects discussed, which
would be considered a determinant of health that is outside the focus of this report?
A) The client has a diverse background by being of Asian and Native American
Page m1
, descent mand mpractices mvarious malternative mtherapies mto mminimize meffects mof
mstress.
B) The mclient mhas ma mfamily mhistory mof mcardiovascular mdisease mrelated mto
mhypercholesterolemia mand mremains mnoncompliant mwith mthe mtreatment
mregime.
C) The mclient mhas ma mgood mcareer mwith mexceptional mpreventative mhealth mcare mbenefits.
D) The mclient mlives min man maffluent, mclean, msuburban mcommunity mwith maccess mto
mmany mhealth mcare mfacilities.
Ans: m B
Feedback:
In mHealthy mPeople m2020, mthe mfocus mis mto mpromote mgood mhealth mto mall m(such mas musing
malternative mtherapies mto mminimize meffects mof mstress); machieving mhealth mequity mand
mpromoting mhealth mfor mall m(which mincludes mhaving mgood mhealth mcare mbenefits); mand
mpromoting mgood mhealth m(which mincludes mliving min ma mclean mcommunity mwith mgood
maccess mto mhealth mcare). mA mclient's mnoncompliance mwith mtreatments mto mcontrol mhigh
mcholesterol mlevels mwithin mthe mpresence mof ma mfamily mhistory mof mCV mdisease mdoes mnot
mmeet mthe m―attaining mlives mfree mof mpreventable mdisease mand mpremature mdeath‖
mdeterminant.
Page m2
,3. A mphysician mis mproviding mcare mfor ma mnumber mof mpatients mon ma mmedical munit mof ma
mlarge, muniversity mhospital. mThe mphysician mis mdiscussing mwith ma mcolleague mthe
mdifferentiation mbetween mdiseases mthat mare mcaused mby mabnormal mmolecules mand
mdiseases mthat mcause mdisease. mWhich mof mthe mfollowing mpatients mmost mclearly
mdemonstrates mthe mconsequences mof mmolecules mthat mcause mdisease?
A) A m31-year-old mwoman mwith msickle mcell manemia mwho mis mreceiving ma
mtransfusion mof mpacked mred mblood mcells
B) A m91-year-old mwoman mwho mhas mexperienced man mischemic mstroke mresulting
mfrom mfamilial mhypercholesterolemia
C) A m19-year-old mman mwith mexacerbation mof mhis mcystic mfibrosis mrequiring
moxygen mtherapy mand mchest mphysiotherapy
D) A m30-year-old mhomeless mman mwho mhas mPneumocystis mcarinii mpneumonia m(PCP)
mand mis mHIV mpositive.
Ans: m D
Feedback:
PCP mis man mexample mof mthe meffect mof ma mmolecule mthat mdirectly mcontributes mto mdisease.
mSickle mcell manemia, mfamilial mhypercholesterolemia, mand mcystic mfibrosis mare mall
mexamples mof mthe meffects mof mabnormal mmolecules.
4. A mmember mof mthe mhealth mcare mteam mis mresearching mthe metiology mand mpathogenesis
mof ma mnumber mof mclients mwho mare munder mhis mcare min ma mhospital mcontext. mWhich mof
mthe mfollowing maspects mof mclients' msituations mbest mcharacterizes mpathogenesis mrather
mthan metiology?
A) A mclient mwho mhas mbeen mexposed mto mthe mMycobacterium mtuberculosis mbacterium
B) A mclient mwho mhas mincreasing mserum mammonia mlevels mdue mto mliver mcirrhosis
C) A mclient mwho mwas madmitted mwith mthe meffects mof mmethyl malcohol mpoisoning
D) A mclient mwith mmultiple mskeletal minjuries msecondary mto ma mmotor mvehicle
maccident mAns: m B
Feedback:
Pathogenesis mrefers mto mthe mprogressive mand mevolutionary mcourse mof mdisease, msuch mas
mthe mincreasing mammonia mlevels mthat maccompany m liver mdisease. mBacteria, mpoisons,
mand mtraumatic minjuries mare mexamples mof metiologic mfactors.
Page m3
, 5. A mnew mmyocardial minfarction mpatient mrequiring mangioplasty mand mstent mplacement mhas
marrived mto mhis mfirst mcardiac mrehabilitation mappointment. mIn mthis mfirst msession, ma
mreview mof mthe mpathogenesis mof mcoronary martery mdisease mis maddressed. mWhich
mstatement mby mthe mpatient mverifies mto mthe mnurse mthat mhe mhas munderstood mthe mnurse's
mteachings mabout mcoronary martery mdisease?
A) ―All mI mhave mto mdo mis mstop msmoking, mand mthen mI mwon't mhave many mmore mheart mattacks.‖
B) ―My martery mwas mclogged mby mfat, mso mI mwill mneed mto mstop meating mfatty
mfoods mlike mFrench mfries mevery mday.‖
C) ―Sounds mlike mthis mbegan mbecause mof minflammation minside mmy martery mthat
mmade mit measy mto mform mfatty mstreaks, mwhich mlead mto mmy mclogged martery.‖
D) ―If mI mdo mnot mexercise mregularly mto mget mmy mheart mrate mup, mblood mpools min mthe
mveins mcausing ma mclot mthat mstops mblood mflow mto mthe mmuscle, mand mI mwill mhave ma
mheart mattack.‖
Ans: m C
Feedback:
The mtrue metiology/cause mof mcoronary martery mdisease m(CAD) mis munknown; mhowever,
mthe mpathogenesis mof mthe mdisorder mrelates mto mthe mprogression mof mthe minflammatory
mprocess mfrom ma mfatty mstreak mto mthe mocclusive mvessel mlesion mseen min mpeople mwith
mcoronary martery mdisease. mRisk mfactors mfor mCAD mrevolve maround mcigarette msmoking,
mdiet mhigh min mfat, mand mlack mof mexercise.
6. A m77-year-old mman mis ma mhospital minpatient madmitted mfor mexacerbation mof mhis mchronic
mobstructive mpulmonary mdisease m(COPD), mand ma mrespiratory mtherapist m(RT) mis
massessing mthe mclient mfor mthe mfirst mtime. mWhich mof mthe mfollowing maspects mof mthe
mpatient's mcurrent mstate mof mhealth mwould mbe mbest mcharacterized mas ma msymptom mrather
mthan ma msign?
A) The mpatient's moxygen msaturation mis m83% mby mpulse moxymetry.
B) The mpatient mnotes mthat mhe mhas mincreased mwork mof mbreathing mwhen mlying msupine.
C) The mRT mhears mdiminished mbreath msounds mto mthe mpatient's mlower mlung
mfields mbilaterally.
D) The mpatient's mrespiratory mrate mis m31
mbreaths/minute. mAns: m B
Feedback:
Symptoms mare msubjective mcomplaints mby mthe mperson mexperiencing mthe mhealth
mproblem, msuch mas mcomplaints mof mbreathing mdifficulty. mOxygen mlevels, mlistening mto
mbreath msounds, mand mrespiratory mrate mare mall mobjective, mobservable msigns mof
mdisease.
Page m4
Chapter 1- Concepts of Health and Disease
1. At an international nursing conference, many discussions and breakout sessions focused
on the World Health Organization (WHO) views on health. Of the following comments
made by nurses during a discussion session, which statements would be considered a
good representation of the WHO definition? Select all that apply.
A) Interests in keeping the elderly population engaged in such activities as book
reviews and word games during social time
B) Increase in the number of chair aerobics classes provided in the skilled care
facilities
C) Interventions geared toward keeping the elderly population diagnosed with
diabetes mellitus under tight blood glucose control by providing in-home cooking
classes
D) Providing transportation for renal dialysis patients to and from their hemodialysis
sessions
E) Providing handwashing teaching sessions to a group of young children
Ans: A, B, C, E
Feedback:
The WHO definition of health is defined as ―a state of complete physical, mental, and
social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity.‖ Engaging in
book reviews facilitates mental and social well-being; chair aerobics helps facilitate
physical well-being; and assisting with tight control of diabetes helps with facilitating
physical well-being even though the person has a chronic disease. Handwashing is vital
in the prevention of disease and spread of germs.
2. A community health nurse is teaching a group of recent graduates about the large
variety of factors that influence an individual's health or lack thereof. The nurse is
referring to the Healthy People 2020 report from the U.S. Department of Health and
Human Services as a teaching example. Of the following aspects discussed, which
would be considered a determinant of health that is outside the focus of this report?
A) The client has a diverse background by being of Asian and Native American
Page m1
, descent mand mpractices mvarious malternative mtherapies mto mminimize meffects mof
mstress.
B) The mclient mhas ma mfamily mhistory mof mcardiovascular mdisease mrelated mto
mhypercholesterolemia mand mremains mnoncompliant mwith mthe mtreatment
mregime.
C) The mclient mhas ma mgood mcareer mwith mexceptional mpreventative mhealth mcare mbenefits.
D) The mclient mlives min man maffluent, mclean, msuburban mcommunity mwith maccess mto
mmany mhealth mcare mfacilities.
Ans: m B
Feedback:
In mHealthy mPeople m2020, mthe mfocus mis mto mpromote mgood mhealth mto mall m(such mas musing
malternative mtherapies mto mminimize meffects mof mstress); machieving mhealth mequity mand
mpromoting mhealth mfor mall m(which mincludes mhaving mgood mhealth mcare mbenefits); mand
mpromoting mgood mhealth m(which mincludes mliving min ma mclean mcommunity mwith mgood
maccess mto mhealth mcare). mA mclient's mnoncompliance mwith mtreatments mto mcontrol mhigh
mcholesterol mlevels mwithin mthe mpresence mof ma mfamily mhistory mof mCV mdisease mdoes mnot
mmeet mthe m―attaining mlives mfree mof mpreventable mdisease mand mpremature mdeath‖
mdeterminant.
Page m2
,3. A mphysician mis mproviding mcare mfor ma mnumber mof mpatients mon ma mmedical munit mof ma
mlarge, muniversity mhospital. mThe mphysician mis mdiscussing mwith ma mcolleague mthe
mdifferentiation mbetween mdiseases mthat mare mcaused mby mabnormal mmolecules mand
mdiseases mthat mcause mdisease. mWhich mof mthe mfollowing mpatients mmost mclearly
mdemonstrates mthe mconsequences mof mmolecules mthat mcause mdisease?
A) A m31-year-old mwoman mwith msickle mcell manemia mwho mis mreceiving ma
mtransfusion mof mpacked mred mblood mcells
B) A m91-year-old mwoman mwho mhas mexperienced man mischemic mstroke mresulting
mfrom mfamilial mhypercholesterolemia
C) A m19-year-old mman mwith mexacerbation mof mhis mcystic mfibrosis mrequiring
moxygen mtherapy mand mchest mphysiotherapy
D) A m30-year-old mhomeless mman mwho mhas mPneumocystis mcarinii mpneumonia m(PCP)
mand mis mHIV mpositive.
Ans: m D
Feedback:
PCP mis man mexample mof mthe meffect mof ma mmolecule mthat mdirectly mcontributes mto mdisease.
mSickle mcell manemia, mfamilial mhypercholesterolemia, mand mcystic mfibrosis mare mall
mexamples mof mthe meffects mof mabnormal mmolecules.
4. A mmember mof mthe mhealth mcare mteam mis mresearching mthe metiology mand mpathogenesis
mof ma mnumber mof mclients mwho mare munder mhis mcare min ma mhospital mcontext. mWhich mof
mthe mfollowing maspects mof mclients' msituations mbest mcharacterizes mpathogenesis mrather
mthan metiology?
A) A mclient mwho mhas mbeen mexposed mto mthe mMycobacterium mtuberculosis mbacterium
B) A mclient mwho mhas mincreasing mserum mammonia mlevels mdue mto mliver mcirrhosis
C) A mclient mwho mwas madmitted mwith mthe meffects mof mmethyl malcohol mpoisoning
D) A mclient mwith mmultiple mskeletal minjuries msecondary mto ma mmotor mvehicle
maccident mAns: m B
Feedback:
Pathogenesis mrefers mto mthe mprogressive mand mevolutionary mcourse mof mdisease, msuch mas
mthe mincreasing mammonia mlevels mthat maccompany m liver mdisease. mBacteria, mpoisons,
mand mtraumatic minjuries mare mexamples mof metiologic mfactors.
Page m3
, 5. A mnew mmyocardial minfarction mpatient mrequiring mangioplasty mand mstent mplacement mhas
marrived mto mhis mfirst mcardiac mrehabilitation mappointment. mIn mthis mfirst msession, ma
mreview mof mthe mpathogenesis mof mcoronary martery mdisease mis maddressed. mWhich
mstatement mby mthe mpatient mverifies mto mthe mnurse mthat mhe mhas munderstood mthe mnurse's
mteachings mabout mcoronary martery mdisease?
A) ―All mI mhave mto mdo mis mstop msmoking, mand mthen mI mwon't mhave many mmore mheart mattacks.‖
B) ―My martery mwas mclogged mby mfat, mso mI mwill mneed mto mstop meating mfatty
mfoods mlike mFrench mfries mevery mday.‖
C) ―Sounds mlike mthis mbegan mbecause mof minflammation minside mmy martery mthat
mmade mit measy mto mform mfatty mstreaks, mwhich mlead mto mmy mclogged martery.‖
D) ―If mI mdo mnot mexercise mregularly mto mget mmy mheart mrate mup, mblood mpools min mthe
mveins mcausing ma mclot mthat mstops mblood mflow mto mthe mmuscle, mand mI mwill mhave ma
mheart mattack.‖
Ans: m C
Feedback:
The mtrue metiology/cause mof mcoronary martery mdisease m(CAD) mis munknown; mhowever,
mthe mpathogenesis mof mthe mdisorder mrelates mto mthe mprogression mof mthe minflammatory
mprocess mfrom ma mfatty mstreak mto mthe mocclusive mvessel mlesion mseen min mpeople mwith
mcoronary martery mdisease. mRisk mfactors mfor mCAD mrevolve maround mcigarette msmoking,
mdiet mhigh min mfat, mand mlack mof mexercise.
6. A m77-year-old mman mis ma mhospital minpatient madmitted mfor mexacerbation mof mhis mchronic
mobstructive mpulmonary mdisease m(COPD), mand ma mrespiratory mtherapist m(RT) mis
massessing mthe mclient mfor mthe mfirst mtime. mWhich mof mthe mfollowing maspects mof mthe
mpatient's mcurrent mstate mof mhealth mwould mbe mbest mcharacterized mas ma msymptom mrather
mthan ma msign?
A) The mpatient's moxygen msaturation mis m83% mby mpulse moxymetry.
B) The mpatient mnotes mthat mhe mhas mincreased mwork mof mbreathing mwhen mlying msupine.
C) The mRT mhears mdiminished mbreath msounds mto mthe mpatient's mlower mlung
mfields mbilaterally.
D) The mpatient's mrespiratory mrate mis m31
mbreaths/minute. mAns: m B
Feedback:
Symptoms mare msubjective mcomplaints mby mthe mperson mexperiencing mthe mhealth
mproblem, msuch mas mcomplaints mof mbreathing mdifficulty. mOxygen mlevels, mlistening mto
mbreath msounds, mand mrespiratory mrate mare mall mobjective, mobservable msigns mof
mdisease.
Page m4
