PHCH 667 Exam 3 Questions with 100% Correct
Answers | Verified | Sure Pass
what is the most commonly used "acceptable level of significance" used in clinical
chemistry? - ✔✔95%
what is a reference range? - ✔✔range where values of 95% of the "healthy"
individuals are within (2 standard deviations)
coefficient of variation - ✔✔ratio of standard deviation to the mean
helps compare assays with different units
what is specificity and how is it calculated? - ✔✔true negative rate of the test
ability to correctly identify the "healthy"
TN/(FP + TN)
what is sensitivity and how is it calculated? - ✔✔true positive rate of the test
ability to correctly identify the "sick"
TP/(FN+TP)
what is positive predictive value? - ✔✔fraction of positive test results which are
correct
(how many were correctly identified as diseased)
how is PPV calculated? - ✔✔TP/(TP+FP)
,what is negative predictive value? - ✔✔fraction of negative results correctly
identified
(how many were correctly identified as healthy)
how is NPV calculated? - ✔✔TN/(TN+FN)
when is high sensitivity desired? - ✔✔the disease is serious and should not be missed
disease is treatable
(high ability to detect true positive)
when is high specificity desired? - ✔✔disease is serious but not treatable/curable -
avoid needless alarm
(high ability to detect true negative)
what do clinical labs provide? - ✔✔objective and personalized patient information
hospital/clinical labs are driven by what? - ✔✔automation
high volume and cost efficiency
point-of-care testing is driven by what? - ✔✔miniaturization
convenience and cost
(immediate results and biosensor systems)
what are the classical analytical techniques? - ✔✔spectrophotometry
electrophoresis
electrochemistry
, chromatography
mass spectrometry
what are the bio-molecular analytical techniques? - ✔✔enzymatic assays
immunoassays
PCR
what is UV/Vis? - ✔✔measure absorbance and apply Beer-Lambert Law
what is fluorescence spectrometry? - ✔✔greater sensitivity than absorbance
based on fluorescence/excitation of a sample
what is nephelometry? - ✔✔based on turbidity
measures the scatter of light
what is refractometry? - ✔✔based on refractivity
measures the bending of light through different media
what's Beer-Lambert law? - ✔✔determines analyte concentration using absorbance
A=extinction x length x conc.
what's excitation and emission light wavelength difference in fluorescence? -
✔✔emission light has a longer wavelength than excitation light
short=absorbed
long=emitted
Answers | Verified | Sure Pass
what is the most commonly used "acceptable level of significance" used in clinical
chemistry? - ✔✔95%
what is a reference range? - ✔✔range where values of 95% of the "healthy"
individuals are within (2 standard deviations)
coefficient of variation - ✔✔ratio of standard deviation to the mean
helps compare assays with different units
what is specificity and how is it calculated? - ✔✔true negative rate of the test
ability to correctly identify the "healthy"
TN/(FP + TN)
what is sensitivity and how is it calculated? - ✔✔true positive rate of the test
ability to correctly identify the "sick"
TP/(FN+TP)
what is positive predictive value? - ✔✔fraction of positive test results which are
correct
(how many were correctly identified as diseased)
how is PPV calculated? - ✔✔TP/(TP+FP)
,what is negative predictive value? - ✔✔fraction of negative results correctly
identified
(how many were correctly identified as healthy)
how is NPV calculated? - ✔✔TN/(TN+FN)
when is high sensitivity desired? - ✔✔the disease is serious and should not be missed
disease is treatable
(high ability to detect true positive)
when is high specificity desired? - ✔✔disease is serious but not treatable/curable -
avoid needless alarm
(high ability to detect true negative)
what do clinical labs provide? - ✔✔objective and personalized patient information
hospital/clinical labs are driven by what? - ✔✔automation
high volume and cost efficiency
point-of-care testing is driven by what? - ✔✔miniaturization
convenience and cost
(immediate results and biosensor systems)
what are the classical analytical techniques? - ✔✔spectrophotometry
electrophoresis
electrochemistry
, chromatography
mass spectrometry
what are the bio-molecular analytical techniques? - ✔✔enzymatic assays
immunoassays
PCR
what is UV/Vis? - ✔✔measure absorbance and apply Beer-Lambert Law
what is fluorescence spectrometry? - ✔✔greater sensitivity than absorbance
based on fluorescence/excitation of a sample
what is nephelometry? - ✔✔based on turbidity
measures the scatter of light
what is refractometry? - ✔✔based on refractivity
measures the bending of light through different media
what's Beer-Lambert law? - ✔✔determines analyte concentration using absorbance
A=extinction x length x conc.
what's excitation and emission light wavelength difference in fluorescence? -
✔✔emission light has a longer wavelength than excitation light
short=absorbed
long=emitted
