PS408 Final Exam Questions and Answers

PS408 Final Exam Questions and Answers Explain the "Compulsion to Repeat" (2 pts) One symptom of trauma is being drawn to situations that replicate the original trauma. An example would be a prostitute with a history of sexual abuse. Children often recreate a traumatic experience in their play. (Levine p. 19-24) Explain "Felt Sense" (2 pts) The felt sense is not the mental experience of an event, but the physical experience. It is the bodily awareness of a person/situation/event. It is how we experience the totality of sensation. (Levine p. 46) Explain "Pendulation" (2 pts) Pendulation refers to the body's natural rhythms of expansion and contraction (Levine p. 56) Explain the 12-Phase Healing Trauma Program - Overview: (4 pts) *The 12-phase healing trauma program is designed to help individuals who have been cut off from their bodies as a result of trauma. These exercises help people reconnect with their bodies and learn to live in a body-aware way (see Levine ch. 4) Phases: (probably not necessary) -phase 1: safety and containment exercises: finding your body boundaries -phase 2: grounding and centering -phase 3: building resources -phase 4: from "felt sense" to tracking specific sensations -phase 5: tracking activation: sensations, images, thoughts, and emotions -phase 6: pendulation: tracking your rhythms of expansion and contraction -phase 7: fight response: natural aggression versus violence -phase 8: flight response: natural escape versus anxiety -phase 9: strength and resiliency versus collapse and defeat -phase 10: uncoupling fear from the immobility response -phase 11: orientation: moving from internal to external environment and social engagement -phase 12: settling and integrating The healing of trauma is primarily a _B__________________ process or _B_________________ process often accompanied by psychological effects (2 pts) biological, bodily Successful healing methods inevitably involve establishing a connection to the _B______________ (1 pt) Explain: (2 pts) body *Levine observed that trauma occurs when the body remains in the state of "fight or flight" even after the danger is no longer present. Healing trauma requires that we reconnect with body sensations and discharge the excess energy (see p. 27) The "_I______________ response" used by the impala is just as important a survival tool as "fight" (1 pt) or "flight." This normal survival strategy is also called the "_F_______________ response" (1 pt) Explain: (2 pts) immobility, freezing *The immobility response is used when fight or flight are not viable options. Animals use this response because the attacker may think it is dead and lose interest. It also involves a numbing effect that softens the pain or terror. (p. 28-29) Another of the vital functions of the immobility response is _N_________________ (1 pt) numbness This difficulty in normalizing ourselves is very important. I believe that the ability to return to equilibrium and balance, after using the "immobility response," is the primary factor in avoiding being _T_______ (1 pt) Explain: (2 pts) traumatized *After using the immobility response, wild animals naturally shake off the built up energy and return to their normal state. Humans often resist the sensations of this release, which prevents the discharge of energy that is necessary to return to normal functioning (p.29-30) Although humans rarely die from trauma, if we do not resolve it, our lives can be severely diminished by its effects. Some people have even described this situation as a "_L________ _D________ " (1 pt) Explain: (2 pts) living death *Unresolved trauma causes us to feel disconnected from our bodies and our environment, makes us feel anxious and helpless, and can cause a wide range of physical and psychological symptoms. Un-discharged energy is stored in the _N_______________ _S_______________, setting the stage (1 pt) for the formation of the symptoms of trauma nervous system You _D____________ have to consciously remember an event to heal from it (1 pt) do NOT People who have experienced trauma are often cut off from their _B_____________ (1 pt) bodies Body _A_________________ is something we want to cultivate and make an intrinsic part of our lives, (1 pt) because living in a body - _A______________ way gives us a sense of aliveness and (1 pt) purpose in all aspects of life Explain: (2 pts) awareness, aware *According to Levine, "A meaningful life depends upon a sense of aliveness and presence, both of which spring from intimate contact with internal body states" (p. 35) Remember, body _S_________________, rather than intense emotion, are the key to healing trauma (1 pt) Explain: (2 pts) sensations *to harness the instincts necessary to heal trauma, we must be able to identify & employ the indicators of trauma that are made available to us through the felt sense...Emotions contribute to the Felt Sense, but they play a less important role than most people believe (powerpoint) The catch is that to avoid being traumatized, the excess energy mobilized to defend us must be " _U___________ _U________" (2 pts) Explain: (2 pts) used up *The energy created by the fight or flight response must be release or it will remain in the nervous system and cause symptoms of trauma Simple Steps to Build Resilience: The first step in this attunement process - to understand the importance of experiencing both comfortable and uncomfortable _S__________________ while learning to tolerate and, little by little, befriend them (1 pt) Explain: (2 pts) sensations *? (I'm not sure how to explain this) The term pendulation refers to our natural rhythm of _C_________________ and _E_______________ (2 pts) Explain: (2 pts) contraction, expansion *Traumatized people are often constricted by the past event. The key to dissolving this constriction is to learn to stay with the sensation until it begins to change. The body may experience a sensation as swinging back and forth, getting worse and then getting better, in a cycle of expansion and contraction (p. 56) Trauma Proofing Your Kids- Name all 8 of these - First-Aid for Trauma Prevention (p. 31) (there are 8) (5 pts) 1. Check your own body's responses first 2. Assess the situation 3. As the shock wears off, guide your child's attention to his sensations 4. Slow down and follow your child's pace by careful observation of changes 5. Keep validating your child's physical responses 6. Trust in your child's innate ability to heal 7. Encourage your child to rest even if she doesn't want to 8. The final step is to attend to your child's emotional responses and help him or her make sense of what happened Trauma Proofing Your Kids- Name all 8 of these - Sexual Trauma Symptoms (p. 136) (8 of these) (5 pts) 1. Sexualized behavior that is not age-appropriate 2. Sudden refusal, reluctance or fear at being left alone with a certain person or in a particular place that the child once enjoyed 3. Withdrawal from other children or difficulty making friends 4. Pain, burning, itching or bruising in the genital and/or anal areas 5. An unusual discharge that may be indicative of a sexually transmitted disease 6. An indirect revelation on the part of the child 7. General symptoms such as bedwetting, returning to earlier behaviors like thumb-sucking, difficulty sleeping and eating 8. Personality changes such as chronic irritability, sudden mood shifts, excessive shyness and postures that reveal a sense of shame, guilt or secrecy Trauma Proofing Your Kids- Name the 5 Steps Caregivers can take to decrease children's susceptibility (p.140) 1. Model healthy boundaries 2. Help children develop good sensory awareness 3. Teach children how to avoid being lured 4. Offer opportunities for children to practice saying "no" 5. Teach children what to say and do Fill in the circles (4 pts) Explain each in a sentence or two (8 pts) Center: __________________________ Next Ring: _________________ Second Ring: _________________ Outer Ring: _______________________ Center: dignity and depravity (we are made in the image of God but we want to be God) Next Ring: shame (the dread of being known) Second Ring: contempt (hate covering shame) Outer Ring: performance (our false self covering contempt) Lust is _d____________ __________ ____________ (1 pt) Anger is a form of _v___________________ (1 pt) Shame is a byproduct of _i__________________ (1 pt) desire gone mad vengeance idolatry