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Biopsychology - Attention/Cognition, Psychopathology, and Emotions Notes

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This document summarizes chapters 11, 12, and 14 of "The Mind's Machine" for a biopsychology class. It examines topics like attention/cognition, models of attention, easy and hard problems of consciousness, neural control, attention disorders, psychopathology, emotions, limbic system, aggression, and short/long term stress.

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Uploaded on
January 3, 2025
Number of pages
8
Written in
2024/2025
Type
Class notes
Professor(s)
Emily owens
Contains
All classes

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S . N ATTENTIN) NNN N ENDOGENOUS ATTENTION : Or
voluntary atth.

ATTENTION :
Selective awareness SELECTIVE DTTN :
is the process of voluntarily shifting atte. to

↳ MODELS OF ATTENTION
a state of perceptual receptivity by which :
a stimuli that is in accordance with our goals

specific stimuli are selected forehanced
processing shadowing
:
the process of repeating material that is being and interests . I .
.
e
studying for a test

Overt attention attention in which the focus Fed to you in one ear while a diff Stimuli being repeated symbolic cuing technique testing voluntary
:
.
is :
a


coincides with sensory orientation In the other ear, testing selective attention. participant
atth in which a is asked to respond
covert attention attention in which the focus Is
: Inattentional blindness : a failure to percieve unattended ASAP to a stimulus but each trial
,
is preceded by
Independent of sensory orientation stimuli while focusing on something else a hint that will allow one to predict where the

Attended into info that the brain deems relevant SELECTIVE MODELS (of
shadowing experiments stimulus will appear .
:
:




for a specific situation thatIt will pass to short EARLY-SELECTION MODELS participants do not detect :
EXOGENOUS ATTENTION : or reflexive attention

term memory to content changes or speech oddities in unattended stimuli toward
review refers to involuntary reorienting of atte .





processed quickly and more LATE-SELECTION MODELS participants do detect halt :

accurately an unexpected stimulus .
or event

Unattended Info : info in the environment that of message and change in pitch of unattended stimuli. Peripheral spatial cuing :
a technique used for
to Divided attn tasks :
asked to process two which a visual
the brain does not
specifically divert attention .
a person is or
testing reflexive attention in

↳ limited
process slower/not at all and much less accurate ·
More simultaneous stimuli proving attention is a stimuli is preceded by a simple task Irrelevant
-




if stimuli are spatially separated
cocktail party effect selective enhacement
:
of commodity especially
,
sensory stimulus will appear either in the

attention that allows you to filter out distractors Attentional Spotlight
:
the metaphor that attracts location of the task or in an incorrect location .

i e
.
. focusing on someone at a cocktail
party as a spotlight ,
with the center of the beam being Inhibition of return : when interval between sue

Attentional bottleneck :
people have a limited the Focal point of our atth. and target is >200 millisecs . This evolved so

amount of attention resources at any given time perceptual load Immediate processing demands not focus stimuli
:
humans do on
unecessary
SUMMARY :
presented by a stimulus

, N SER
SPATIAL SEARCHING : NEURAL CONTROL : ATTN DISORDERS : .




CONJUNCTION SEARCH : a search Item defined
by ERP levent related potential) :
tracks quick regional ADHD (attention deficit hyperactive disorder) :




2 or more combined features changes in the brain , therefore It is a good tool for a syndrome characterized by distractability,
i . where's
e Waldo stripes glasses
:
that
tracking moment-to-moment attention impulsiveness and hyperactivity that in children ,
.
,
, ,




=> DORSAL FRONTOPARIETAL SYSTEM (DFS) (dorsal region may interfere with academic performance .
↳ It
serial search : atte ·
spotlight moves across a scene to ↳
responsible for conscious control of attention
(voluntary (
is
typically diagnosed in childhood (primary
Identify object of .
interest ↳ responsible for
endogenous control of "spotlight" school age)
↳ slower than feature search ↳
involves superior colliculus (IPS) and the frontal ↳
associated with reduced brain volume in


FFEEAATTURREESSEDARROIN: search item defined by a eye field frontal areas and lack neurotransmission .

single unique feature . VENTRAL TEMPOPARIETAL SYSTEM (VTS) (ventral region) -
a large stigma is associated with ADHD and


i e
. a .
colorful Item amongst greyscale Items . responsible for reflexive control of attention . people believing that patients "are just not

· ↳
responsible for exogenous shift of attention to working hard enough ."
Parallel search whole scene :
is assessed at one time unexpected stimuli (involuntary ADD (attention deficit disorder) very similar
:
to


singleton pops out to draw attention immediately
Le involves pulvinar and tempoparietal junction as well DDAD but just lacking hyperactivity.

therefore much faster than conjunction search NEURAL DAMAGE less patients are seen with just ADD because

Balint's Syndrome :
caused by damage to Hemispatial neglect :
neural damage that causes neglect inattentiveness and hyperactivity tend to be

both parietal lobes . Patients suffer

ocularmotor apraxia and simultagnosid
,
optic ataxia ,

↓ of one half of the visual field . (most

neglect due to right parietal/frontal

simultagnosid profound restriction of
:
common is


lobe

attr ,
damage
L-spatial



usually associated
comorbidities




SUMMARY : w/ bilateral lesions and Balint's syndrome .
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