CLINICAL CHEM LATEST UPDATED 2025 ACTUAL FINAL EXAM
WITH COMPLETE DETAILED QUESTIONA AND CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWERS ALREADY A+ GRADED
"The point at which the concentration of a drug is in equilibrium with the rate of dose Administration
and the rate of elimination" is the definition of which term below:
Bioavailability quotient
minimum effective concentration
therapeutic range
steady state - ANSWER-steady state
"PTA is reduced by urate in alkaline medium and tungsten blue develops; color change is read at 650 to
700 nanometers. protein must be removed, and many other substances also interfere." This is a
description of which assay method?
Phosphotungstic acid method for uric acid determination
Urease method for BUN determination
Purified terephthalic acid method for ammonia determination
Uricase method for uric acid determination - ANSWER-Phosphotungstic acid method for uric acid
determination
Why is bone disease a consequence of chronic kidney disease (CKD)?
the synthesis of EPO by peritubular fibroblasts decreases because of reduced red blood cell survival
The juxtaglomerular apparatus no longer synthesizes renin in CKD, which keeps calcium phosphate
complexes from mineralizing
the basement membrane in Bowman's capsule is damaged and calcium is lost in the glomerular filtrate
When glomerular filtration declines, vitamin D activation decreases resulting in reduced calcium, which
further leads to resorption of calcium from bone. - ANSWER-When glomerular filtration declines,
vitamin D activation decreases resulting in reduced calcium, which further leads to resorption of calcium
from bone.
,Which tests would be most useful for differentiating acute pancreatitis from a perforated peptic ulcer,
since the symptoms are similar?
total CK and CKMB
serum amylase and lipase
alkaline phosphatase and GGT
AST and ALT - ANSWER-serum amylase and lipase
Which one of the following statements is correct concerning the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)
A fasting blood glucose concentration of 85 mg/dL and a 2-hour glucose value of 190mg/dL indicates
impaired glucose tolerance
for good results patients are required to fast for 72 hours before the OGTT
a fasting blood glucose concentration of 100 mg/dL and a 2-hour glucose value of 16 mg/dL are
indicative of impaired glucose tolerance
the OGTT is a test of glycogen formation response to a glucose load by the liver - ANSWER-A fasting
blood glucose concentration of 85 mg/dL and a 2-hour glucose value of 190mg/dL indicates impaired
glucose tolerance
Which of these tests can help assess lead levels?
A) none of these
B) coproporphyrin
C) zinc protoporphyrin
D) benzoyl ecgonine - ANSWER-C) zinc protoporphyrin
Which of these statements about ALP is true?
A. in normal adults, the primary tissue source is fast twitch skeletal muscle
B. pregnant women have higher serum ALP levels than other adults
C. serum ALP levels are lower in children than in adults
D. geriatric patients have lower serum ALP than other adults - ANSWER-B. pregnant women have higher
serum ALP levels than other adults
Which of these drugs is NOT included in a drugs of abuse screen?
,A) opiates
B) theophylline
C) amphetamines
D) THC - ANSWER-B) theophylline
Which of these conditions is usually associated with an acute inflammatory pattern on serum protein
electrophoresis?
A. Malignancy
B. myocardial infarction
C. rheumatoid arthritis
D. Hepatitis - ANSWER-B. myocardial infarction
Which of these are possible causes for acute myocardial infarction
A. Blockage due to atherosclerosis
B. all of these can cause AMI
C. lack of oxygen due to anemia, carboxyhemoglobin, or hypotension
D. blockage due to embolism - ANSWER-B. all of these can cause AMI
Which of the following values obtained during a glucose tolerance test is diagnostic for diabetes mellitus
A. 2-hour specimen result = 180 mg/dL
B. fasting plasma glucose = 126 mg/dL
C. fasting plasma glucose = 115 mg/dL
D. 2-hour specimen result = 150 mg/dL - ANSWER-D. fasting plasma glucose = 126 mg/dL
Which of the following statements is(are) true about drug screening on meconium samples?
A) exposure to heroin in utero can cause severe medical and developmental problems
B) all of these are true
C) this testing can detect drug exposure during the last few months of pregnancy
, D) exposure to cocaine in utero can cause severe medical and developmental problems - ANSWER-B) all
of these are true
Which of the following sets of statements about hemoglobin synthesis is true?
A. Iron combines with ALA synthetase to form heme, heme combines with globin chains to form
hemoglobin
B. iron combines with protoporphyrin IX to form heme, heme binds with globin chains to form
hemoglobin
C. iron combines with biliverdin to form him, heme combines with globin chains to form hemoglobin
D. iron combines with biliverdin to form heme, heme combines with h chains to form hemoglobin -
ANSWER-B. iron combines with protoporphyrin IX to form heme, heme binds with globin chains to form
hemoglobin
Which of the following is NOT true about methanol?
A) ingestion can lead to acidosis, blindness, and death
B) metabolized by alcohol dehydrogenase to acetone
C) sometimes present in moonshine whisky due to fermentation of wood
D) testing done by gas chromatography - ANSWER-B) metabolized by alcohol dehydrogenase to acetone
Which of the following is NOT true about ethanol?
A) 80 mg/dL (or "0.08") is the legal limit for adults in Michigan
B) metabolized to formic acid
C) legal limits are defined using whole blood testing
D) metabolized by alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver - ANSWER-B) metabolized to formic acid
Which of the following is a marker commonly used to assess recurrence of tumor growth following
removal of a colon tumor?
A) alphafetoprotein
B) cathepsin D
C) CA 125
D) carcinoembryonic antigen - ANSWER-D) carcinoembryonic antigen
WITH COMPLETE DETAILED QUESTIONA AND CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWERS ALREADY A+ GRADED
"The point at which the concentration of a drug is in equilibrium with the rate of dose Administration
and the rate of elimination" is the definition of which term below:
Bioavailability quotient
minimum effective concentration
therapeutic range
steady state - ANSWER-steady state
"PTA is reduced by urate in alkaline medium and tungsten blue develops; color change is read at 650 to
700 nanometers. protein must be removed, and many other substances also interfere." This is a
description of which assay method?
Phosphotungstic acid method for uric acid determination
Urease method for BUN determination
Purified terephthalic acid method for ammonia determination
Uricase method for uric acid determination - ANSWER-Phosphotungstic acid method for uric acid
determination
Why is bone disease a consequence of chronic kidney disease (CKD)?
the synthesis of EPO by peritubular fibroblasts decreases because of reduced red blood cell survival
The juxtaglomerular apparatus no longer synthesizes renin in CKD, which keeps calcium phosphate
complexes from mineralizing
the basement membrane in Bowman's capsule is damaged and calcium is lost in the glomerular filtrate
When glomerular filtration declines, vitamin D activation decreases resulting in reduced calcium, which
further leads to resorption of calcium from bone. - ANSWER-When glomerular filtration declines,
vitamin D activation decreases resulting in reduced calcium, which further leads to resorption of calcium
from bone.
,Which tests would be most useful for differentiating acute pancreatitis from a perforated peptic ulcer,
since the symptoms are similar?
total CK and CKMB
serum amylase and lipase
alkaline phosphatase and GGT
AST and ALT - ANSWER-serum amylase and lipase
Which one of the following statements is correct concerning the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)
A fasting blood glucose concentration of 85 mg/dL and a 2-hour glucose value of 190mg/dL indicates
impaired glucose tolerance
for good results patients are required to fast for 72 hours before the OGTT
a fasting blood glucose concentration of 100 mg/dL and a 2-hour glucose value of 16 mg/dL are
indicative of impaired glucose tolerance
the OGTT is a test of glycogen formation response to a glucose load by the liver - ANSWER-A fasting
blood glucose concentration of 85 mg/dL and a 2-hour glucose value of 190mg/dL indicates impaired
glucose tolerance
Which of these tests can help assess lead levels?
A) none of these
B) coproporphyrin
C) zinc protoporphyrin
D) benzoyl ecgonine - ANSWER-C) zinc protoporphyrin
Which of these statements about ALP is true?
A. in normal adults, the primary tissue source is fast twitch skeletal muscle
B. pregnant women have higher serum ALP levels than other adults
C. serum ALP levels are lower in children than in adults
D. geriatric patients have lower serum ALP than other adults - ANSWER-B. pregnant women have higher
serum ALP levels than other adults
Which of these drugs is NOT included in a drugs of abuse screen?
,A) opiates
B) theophylline
C) amphetamines
D) THC - ANSWER-B) theophylline
Which of these conditions is usually associated with an acute inflammatory pattern on serum protein
electrophoresis?
A. Malignancy
B. myocardial infarction
C. rheumatoid arthritis
D. Hepatitis - ANSWER-B. myocardial infarction
Which of these are possible causes for acute myocardial infarction
A. Blockage due to atherosclerosis
B. all of these can cause AMI
C. lack of oxygen due to anemia, carboxyhemoglobin, or hypotension
D. blockage due to embolism - ANSWER-B. all of these can cause AMI
Which of the following values obtained during a glucose tolerance test is diagnostic for diabetes mellitus
A. 2-hour specimen result = 180 mg/dL
B. fasting plasma glucose = 126 mg/dL
C. fasting plasma glucose = 115 mg/dL
D. 2-hour specimen result = 150 mg/dL - ANSWER-D. fasting plasma glucose = 126 mg/dL
Which of the following statements is(are) true about drug screening on meconium samples?
A) exposure to heroin in utero can cause severe medical and developmental problems
B) all of these are true
C) this testing can detect drug exposure during the last few months of pregnancy
, D) exposure to cocaine in utero can cause severe medical and developmental problems - ANSWER-B) all
of these are true
Which of the following sets of statements about hemoglobin synthesis is true?
A. Iron combines with ALA synthetase to form heme, heme combines with globin chains to form
hemoglobin
B. iron combines with protoporphyrin IX to form heme, heme binds with globin chains to form
hemoglobin
C. iron combines with biliverdin to form him, heme combines with globin chains to form hemoglobin
D. iron combines with biliverdin to form heme, heme combines with h chains to form hemoglobin -
ANSWER-B. iron combines with protoporphyrin IX to form heme, heme binds with globin chains to form
hemoglobin
Which of the following is NOT true about methanol?
A) ingestion can lead to acidosis, blindness, and death
B) metabolized by alcohol dehydrogenase to acetone
C) sometimes present in moonshine whisky due to fermentation of wood
D) testing done by gas chromatography - ANSWER-B) metabolized by alcohol dehydrogenase to acetone
Which of the following is NOT true about ethanol?
A) 80 mg/dL (or "0.08") is the legal limit for adults in Michigan
B) metabolized to formic acid
C) legal limits are defined using whole blood testing
D) metabolized by alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver - ANSWER-B) metabolized to formic acid
Which of the following is a marker commonly used to assess recurrence of tumor growth following
removal of a colon tumor?
A) alphafetoprotein
B) cathepsin D
C) CA 125
D) carcinoembryonic antigen - ANSWER-D) carcinoembryonic antigen
