POLITICAL REFORMS AND THE NATURE OF THE GOVERNMENT
Lenin (1917-1924) Stalin (1928-1953) hrushchev
K Brezhnev (1964-1982) Gorbachev (1985-1991)
(1953-1964)
Creation of a
→ Elimination of
→ → De-Stalinization Restoration
→ Glasnost
→
One-party State Opponents in the ● End to Terror (Reversal of (openness)
Power Struggle ● The Secret De-Stalinization) ● Free elections
Democratic
→ Speech ● Democracy
centralism The Great Purge
→ ● Release of → Restoration ● Criticism
(1930s) political (Dropped other reforms ● Nationalism
→ Centralisation prisoners (2 made by Khrushchev)
Personal
→ million) ● Division → Emergence of
Use of Terror (The
→ Dictatorship (agricultural and Factions
Red Terror) (Totalitarianism) → Democratisation and industrial) in
Decentralisation party → Introduction of
The Party Congress
→ The Soviet
→ ● Limits on tenure presidency
of 1921 Constitution 1936 → Anti-Bureaucracy of office removed
● Ban on Factions ● Universal Campaign → Nationalist
Sufferage → Trust in Cadres Resurgence (removal
Debate allowed at
→ ● Civil Rights → Change of titles (stability of cadres) Brezhnev Doctrine)
the top of the Party ● Guarantee of (Presidium, The First
Employment Secretary) → Political Stagnation
The Soviet
→ ● Oligarchy
Constitution (1924) → Attempts to reform ● Gerontocracy
the party e.g. the 3 year ● Inefficiency
tenure ● Corruption
● Moral Decline
The Anti-Party
→
Group
,
Lenin (1917-1924) Stalin (1928-1953) hrushchev
K Brezhnev (1964-1982) Gorbachev (1985-1991)
(1953-1964)
Creation of a
→ Elimination of
→ → De-Stalinization Restoration
→ Glasnost
→
One-party State Opponents in the ● End to Terror (Reversal of (openness)
Power Struggle ● The Secret De-Stalinization) ● Free elections
Democratic
→ Speech ● Democracy
centralism The Great Purge
→ ● Release of → Restoration ● Criticism
(1930s) political (Dropped other reforms ● Nationalism
→ Centralisation prisoners (2 made by Khrushchev)
Personal
→ million) ● Division → Emergence of
Use of Terror (The
→ Dictatorship (agricultural and Factions
Red Terror) (Totalitarianism) → Democratisation and industrial) in
Decentralisation party → Introduction of
The Party Congress
→ The Soviet
→ ● Limits on tenure presidency
of 1921 Constitution 1936 → Anti-Bureaucracy of office removed
● Ban on Factions ● Universal Campaign → Nationalist
Sufferage → Trust in Cadres Resurgence (removal
Debate allowed at
→ ● Civil Rights → Change of titles (stability of cadres) Brezhnev Doctrine)
the top of the Party ● Guarantee of (Presidium, The First
Employment Secretary) → Political Stagnation
The Soviet
→ ● Oligarchy
Constitution (1924) → Attempts to reform ● Gerontocracy
the party e.g. the 3 year ● Inefficiency
tenure ● Corruption
● Moral Decline
The Anti-Party
→
Group
,
