Cogsci C100 Midterm UPDATED Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Cognitive science - CORRECT ANSWER - Study of the mind and cognition that
integrates a number of different academic disciplines
Philosophers - CORRECT ANSWER - Deductive reasoning
Computational model of mind - CORRECT ANSWER - Alan Turing. Cognition involves
algorithmic process of information processing.
Neuroscience - CORRECT ANSWER - uses different tools to study brain
Cognitive psychologists - CORRECT ANSWER - Modeling
AI researchers - CORRECT ANSWER - Computer models
Roboticists - CORRECT ANSWER - Build/test machines
AI - CORRECT ANSWER - Tries to design computer models that accomplish the same
cognitive tasks that humans do
Machine Learning - CORRECT ANSWER - a subset of AI that allows computers to
"learn" (i.e., progressively improve performance on a specific task) by creating new algorithms
to produce a desired output based on structured (or unstructured) data that is provided
Deep Learning - CORRECT ANSWER - a subset of Machine Learning involving
numerous layers of algorithms.
➜ Machine does not need to be provided with structured data
,Neural Networks - CORRECT ANSWER - Networks of algorithms that are similar to the
neural networks present in the human brain
Frontal lobes - CORRECT ANSWER - involved in speaking and muscle movements and
in making plans and judgments
Parietal lobes - CORRECT ANSWER - Include the sensory cortex, important in spatial
navigation
occipital lobes - CORRECT ANSWER - include the visual areas, which receive visual
information from the
opposite visual field
Temporal lobes - CORRECT ANSWER - auditory areas
Motor cortex - CORRECT ANSWER - area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls
voluntary movement
Sensory cortex - CORRECT ANSWER - area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers
and processes body sensations
Limbic cortex - CORRECT ANSWER - phylogenetically older part of cortex
Amygdala - CORRECT ANSWER - Two almond-shaped neural clusters that are
components of the limbic
system and are linked to emotion, particularly fear and aggression
Hippocampus - CORRECT ANSWER - Donut-shaped structure that is important in
memory
, Pollak Reading - CORRECT ANSWER - studied 40 abused children (mean 9 yrs) and how
it changed children's perceptual preferences and altered the ways children categorized angry
facial expressions. Suggests affective experiences CAN INFLUENCE representations of basic
emotions
Template matching model - CORRECT ANSWER - Object perception involves a
comparison of the stimulus with set of templates or specific patterns stored in memory
Problem? cannot account for complexity and flexibility of object recognition (e.g., individual
differences in handwriting)
Feature-analysis model - CORRECT ANSWER - discrimination of objects is based on
small number of characteristics of stimuli
Supported by neurological evidence
Problem: Cannot explain recognition of complex objects with
features that move and distort (e.g., horse or kangaroo)
Recognition-by-components model - CORRECT ANSWER - View that an object is
represented as an arrangement of simple 3-D shapes called geons
self-fulfilling prophecy - CORRECT ANSWER - People generally think that it is our
experiences and perceptions that create our beliefs, but often, it
is actually our beliefs that create our experiences and
perceptions
perceptual constancy - CORRECT ANSWER - perceiving objects as unchanging (having
consistent lightness, color, shape, and size) even as illumination and retinal images change
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Cognitive science - CORRECT ANSWER - Study of the mind and cognition that
integrates a number of different academic disciplines
Philosophers - CORRECT ANSWER - Deductive reasoning
Computational model of mind - CORRECT ANSWER - Alan Turing. Cognition involves
algorithmic process of information processing.
Neuroscience - CORRECT ANSWER - uses different tools to study brain
Cognitive psychologists - CORRECT ANSWER - Modeling
AI researchers - CORRECT ANSWER - Computer models
Roboticists - CORRECT ANSWER - Build/test machines
AI - CORRECT ANSWER - Tries to design computer models that accomplish the same
cognitive tasks that humans do
Machine Learning - CORRECT ANSWER - a subset of AI that allows computers to
"learn" (i.e., progressively improve performance on a specific task) by creating new algorithms
to produce a desired output based on structured (or unstructured) data that is provided
Deep Learning - CORRECT ANSWER - a subset of Machine Learning involving
numerous layers of algorithms.
➜ Machine does not need to be provided with structured data
,Neural Networks - CORRECT ANSWER - Networks of algorithms that are similar to the
neural networks present in the human brain
Frontal lobes - CORRECT ANSWER - involved in speaking and muscle movements and
in making plans and judgments
Parietal lobes - CORRECT ANSWER - Include the sensory cortex, important in spatial
navigation
occipital lobes - CORRECT ANSWER - include the visual areas, which receive visual
information from the
opposite visual field
Temporal lobes - CORRECT ANSWER - auditory areas
Motor cortex - CORRECT ANSWER - area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls
voluntary movement
Sensory cortex - CORRECT ANSWER - area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers
and processes body sensations
Limbic cortex - CORRECT ANSWER - phylogenetically older part of cortex
Amygdala - CORRECT ANSWER - Two almond-shaped neural clusters that are
components of the limbic
system and are linked to emotion, particularly fear and aggression
Hippocampus - CORRECT ANSWER - Donut-shaped structure that is important in
memory
, Pollak Reading - CORRECT ANSWER - studied 40 abused children (mean 9 yrs) and how
it changed children's perceptual preferences and altered the ways children categorized angry
facial expressions. Suggests affective experiences CAN INFLUENCE representations of basic
emotions
Template matching model - CORRECT ANSWER - Object perception involves a
comparison of the stimulus with set of templates or specific patterns stored in memory
Problem? cannot account for complexity and flexibility of object recognition (e.g., individual
differences in handwriting)
Feature-analysis model - CORRECT ANSWER - discrimination of objects is based on
small number of characteristics of stimuli
Supported by neurological evidence
Problem: Cannot explain recognition of complex objects with
features that move and distort (e.g., horse or kangaroo)
Recognition-by-components model - CORRECT ANSWER - View that an object is
represented as an arrangement of simple 3-D shapes called geons
self-fulfilling prophecy - CORRECT ANSWER - People generally think that it is our
experiences and perceptions that create our beliefs, but often, it
is actually our beliefs that create our experiences and
perceptions
perceptual constancy - CORRECT ANSWER - perceiving objects as unchanging (having
consistent lightness, color, shape, and size) even as illumination and retinal images change
