NSG 520
Pathophysiology & Pharmacology
Final Exams (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Which of the following is a primary characteristic of chronic
inflammation?
- A. Rapid onset and short duration
- B. Presence of neutrophils
- C. Prolonged duration with tissue destruction and repair
- D. Absence of immune response
©2024/2025
, - ANS: C. Prolonged duration with tissue destruction and
repair
- Rationale: Chronic inflammation is characterized by a
prolonged duration, ongoing tissue destruction, and repair
processes.
2. What is the main purpose of beta-blockers in the treatment of
hypertension?
- A. To increase heart rate
- B. To decrease cardiac output and reduce blood pressure
- C. To dilate blood vessels
- D. To increase blood volume
- ANS: B. To decrease cardiac output and reduce blood
pressure
- Rationale: Beta-blockers decrease cardiac output by
reducing heart rate and contractility, leading to lower blood
pressure.
3. Which of the following best describes the concept of
'pharmacodynamics'?
- A. The study of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and
excretion
- B. The study of the effects of drugs on the body
- C. The study of drug interactions
©2024/2025
, - D. The study of drug toxicity
- ANS: B. The study of the effects of drugs on the body
- Rationale: Pharmacodynamics involves the study of how
drugs affect the body, including their mechanisms of action and
therapeutic effects.
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
4. The process by which a drug is metabolized and eliminated
from the body is known as __________.
- ANS: Excretion
- Rationale: Excretion is the process by which the body
eliminates drugs and their metabolites, primarily through the
kidneys.
5. __________ is a class of medications commonly used to treat
anxiety disorders by enhancing the effect of the neurotransmitter
GABA.
- ANS: Benzodiazepines
- Rationale: Benzodiazepines enhance the effect of GABA,
leading to increased inhibitory effects and reduced anxiety.
6. The __________ effect occurs when a patient experiences
therapeutic benefits from an inactive substance due to their belief
in its efficacy.
©2024/2025
, - ANS: Placebo
- Rationale: The placebo effect is a psychological
phenomenon where patients experience real improvements in
their condition due to their belief in the treatment.
True/False Questions
7. True or False: Antipsychotic medications are only used to
treat schizophrenia.
- ANS: False
- Rationale: Antipsychotic medications are used to treat a
variety of psychiatric conditions, including bipolar disorder and
severe depression, in addition to schizophrenia.
8. True or False: The therapeutic index of a drug is the ratio
between the toxic dose and the therapeutic dose.
- ANS: True
- Rationale: The therapeutic index is a measure of a drug's
safety, calculated as the ratio between the toxic dose and the
therapeutic dose.
9. True or False: Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
require dietary restrictions to avoid hypertensive crises.
- ANS: True
©2024/2025
Pathophysiology & Pharmacology
Final Exams (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Which of the following is a primary characteristic of chronic
inflammation?
- A. Rapid onset and short duration
- B. Presence of neutrophils
- C. Prolonged duration with tissue destruction and repair
- D. Absence of immune response
©2024/2025
, - ANS: C. Prolonged duration with tissue destruction and
repair
- Rationale: Chronic inflammation is characterized by a
prolonged duration, ongoing tissue destruction, and repair
processes.
2. What is the main purpose of beta-blockers in the treatment of
hypertension?
- A. To increase heart rate
- B. To decrease cardiac output and reduce blood pressure
- C. To dilate blood vessels
- D. To increase blood volume
- ANS: B. To decrease cardiac output and reduce blood
pressure
- Rationale: Beta-blockers decrease cardiac output by
reducing heart rate and contractility, leading to lower blood
pressure.
3. Which of the following best describes the concept of
'pharmacodynamics'?
- A. The study of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and
excretion
- B. The study of the effects of drugs on the body
- C. The study of drug interactions
©2024/2025
, - D. The study of drug toxicity
- ANS: B. The study of the effects of drugs on the body
- Rationale: Pharmacodynamics involves the study of how
drugs affect the body, including their mechanisms of action and
therapeutic effects.
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
4. The process by which a drug is metabolized and eliminated
from the body is known as __________.
- ANS: Excretion
- Rationale: Excretion is the process by which the body
eliminates drugs and their metabolites, primarily through the
kidneys.
5. __________ is a class of medications commonly used to treat
anxiety disorders by enhancing the effect of the neurotransmitter
GABA.
- ANS: Benzodiazepines
- Rationale: Benzodiazepines enhance the effect of GABA,
leading to increased inhibitory effects and reduced anxiety.
6. The __________ effect occurs when a patient experiences
therapeutic benefits from an inactive substance due to their belief
in its efficacy.
©2024/2025
, - ANS: Placebo
- Rationale: The placebo effect is a psychological
phenomenon where patients experience real improvements in
their condition due to their belief in the treatment.
True/False Questions
7. True or False: Antipsychotic medications are only used to
treat schizophrenia.
- ANS: False
- Rationale: Antipsychotic medications are used to treat a
variety of psychiatric conditions, including bipolar disorder and
severe depression, in addition to schizophrenia.
8. True or False: The therapeutic index of a drug is the ratio
between the toxic dose and the therapeutic dose.
- ANS: True
- Rationale: The therapeutic index is a measure of a drug's
safety, calculated as the ratio between the toxic dose and the
therapeutic dose.
9. True or False: Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
require dietary restrictions to avoid hypertensive crises.
- ANS: True
©2024/2025
