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mass media - ✔✔Technology that allows individuals to communicate
efficiently with a large group and over distances.
Where did students get their news according to the student survey? -
✔✔Democrats:
Newspapers (0)
internet (89)
Television(8)
Republicans:
Newspapers (2)
Internet (69)
Television (23)
Independents:
Newspapers (0)
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,Internet (76)
Television (19)
In political science, we are primarily concerned with __________ because it
informs us as citizens. - ✔✔information media
controlled media - ✔✔Candidates control the content of the message.
controlled media example - ✔✔Campaign commercials or rallies.
Types of Advertisements (controlled media) - ✔✔Positive (self praise)
Negative (attacks/criticism of opponent)
defenses - ✔✔"That's not true" - not effective
Attacking back on the same issue is most common and effective.
Who did political ads start with? - ✔✔Eisenhower in 1952
They tended to be short and sold candidate-like products.
first negative ad - ✔✔Daisy girl ad
Why do candidates attack even though we are generally against negativity?
- ✔✔Out of fear (there's more attacks in a close race); because they work
(tend to be more remembered)
What do you do if you're attacked? - ✔✔Counterattack on the same issue
(ex. red phone ad from 2008).
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, What did the bipartisan campaign reform act of 2002 do? - ✔✔Tried to limit
negative attack advertisements but didn't work
Other groups stepped up the efforts to provide these attack ads
uncontrolled media - ✔✔Candidates have less control over the content
uncontrolled media examples - ✔✔Debates & News coverage
When did debates first occur? - ✔✔In the presidential general election in
1960 with Nixon V. Kennedy. Next ones didn't occur until 1976 and since
then we've had at least one every election.
characteristics of media coverage of politics - ✔✔- Horse-race coverage (a
sporting event)
- Issue-less (issue covered and then moved on from)
- Pack journalism (everyone tends to cover the same thing)
- Style over substance (not about what you say but HOW you say it that's
remembered)
- Anything is newsworthy (anything goes, nothing private)
- Interpretative (they tell you how to think about it and give a spin on their
story)
- Negative
horse-race coverage - ✔✔Sporting event
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©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.