NURS 240 Midterm (Week 1 - 4)
Drug - correct answer Chemical used for therapeutic effects or change in the body. Regulated
by Law.
- Adhere to the guidelines set by the federal government, particularly those outlined by the
Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
United States Pharmacopeia (USP) - correct answer Essentially an encyclopedia of all approved
drugs.
- Defines drug standards for dosage, forms, substances, excipients, and compounded
preparations.
Pharmacology - correct answer Science of drugs including their origin, composition,
pharmacokinetics, therapeutic use, and toxicology.
Prescription Drugs - correct answer A drug that can be obtained only by means of a physician's
prescription.
Over The Counter (OTC) - correct answer Drugs that are approved for purchase without a
prescription.
- Does NOT mean they are safe.
Minimum Effective Concentration (MEC) - correct answer Minimum amount of drug required
for the drug to take effect.
Bioavailability - correct answer The amount of drug that reaches the bloodstream and is
ACTIVE.
- Able to have an effect on the body.
First - Pass Effect - correct answer Metabolism ("tax") of a drug by the liver before it enters the
systemic circulation.
Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) - correct answer Endothelial lining that protects the brain from a
foreign substances. (Like a security guard).
Therapeutic Range (Index) - correct answer MANBABE
Toxic Effect - correct answer Medications can have specific risks and manifestations of toxicity.
May develop after taking a medication for a lengthy period of time.
Adverse Effects - correct answer Undesirable and potentially dangerous response to
medication.
Anaphylaxis - correct answer A life-threatening allergic response.
Contraindication - correct answer Conditions that make it risky or completely unsafe for clients
to take specific medications.
,NURS 240 Midterm (Week 1 - 4)
Generic Name - correct answer Name given to a drug developed by a pharmaceutical company
as its official name which is not capitalized.
What are some examples of the generic name of drugs? - correct answer Midazolam,
Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Ondansetron, etc.
Brand Name - correct answer A capitalized commercial or proprietary name given to a drug
that varies depending on the company producing it.
What are some examples of brand name of drugs? - correct answer Tylenol, Versed, Bayer,
Zofran, etc.
Indication - correct answer Reason why patient is receiving the medication.
Off-Label - correct answer When a physician prescribes a legal drug for a condition other than
its intended use.
Prophaylactic - correct answer Prevent a potential problem.
Tolerance - correct answer Gradual decrease in drug response leading to progressively
increasing drug dose. (weeks to months)
Therapeutic Classification - correct answer Categorizing drugs bases of therapeutic effect to
cure infection.
- "What Does the Drug Do?"
What are some examples of therapeutic classifications? - correct answer Antihypertensives,
Anticonvulsives, Analgesics, etc.
Pharmacologic Classification - correct answer Categorizing or grouping medications bases by
similarities.
- "How Does the Drug Work?"
What are some examples of pharmacologic classifications? - correct answer Opioids,
Cholinergics, Anticholinergics, etc.
Mechanism of Actions (MOA) - correct answer How medications produce their therapeutic
effect.
Tachyphylaxis-RAPID decrease - correct answer Rapid decrease in patient response to a drug
that had previously been effective. (first or second dose)
Additive Effect Expected - correct answer Expected response resulting from the combination of
2 drugs.
(2+2 = 4)
, NURS 240 Midterm (Week 1 - 4)
What's an example of an additive effect? - correct answer Taking Tylenol and Aspirin for a
headache.
Synergistic Effect Unexpected - correct answer Unexpected increase in effects when 2 drugs are
taken together.
(2+2 = 7)
What's an example of a synergistic effect? - correct answer Taking Alcohol (ETOH) and
Lorazepam will significantly increase depressant effects as both are CNS depressors.
Photosensitivity Reactions - correct answer skin reaction caused by exposure to sunlight.
Interaction of a drug and exposure to ultraviolet A (UVA) light, which can cause cellular
damage.
Controlled Substances - correct answer Prescribed drugs that can be addictive and have high
potential to be abused and misused.
How are controlled substances classified? - correct answer Schedule 1 (most dangerous) - 5
(least dangerous)
What are some Schedule 1 drugs? - correct answer Heroin, Marijuana, LSD, Ecstasy, Peyote,
etc.
What are some Schedule 2 drugs? - correct answer Cocaine, Methamphetamine, Fentanyl,
Adderall, Ritalin, etc.
Dopamine Antagonists - correct answer Causes the patient to have involuntary movements
such as, tics and twitches.
What are 2 example of Dopamine Antagonists? - correct answer Prochlorperazine and
Metoclopramide
Teratogens - correct answer Drugs/chemicals that can cause birth defects.
Pharmacokinetics - correct answer Movement of drugs through the body.
What are the 4 stages of pharmacokinetics? - correct answer 1. Absorption
2. Distribution
3. Metabolism
4. Excretion
(ADME)
Absorption-GI Tract - correct answer How the drug enters into the bloodstream.
Drug - correct answer Chemical used for therapeutic effects or change in the body. Regulated
by Law.
- Adhere to the guidelines set by the federal government, particularly those outlined by the
Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
United States Pharmacopeia (USP) - correct answer Essentially an encyclopedia of all approved
drugs.
- Defines drug standards for dosage, forms, substances, excipients, and compounded
preparations.
Pharmacology - correct answer Science of drugs including their origin, composition,
pharmacokinetics, therapeutic use, and toxicology.
Prescription Drugs - correct answer A drug that can be obtained only by means of a physician's
prescription.
Over The Counter (OTC) - correct answer Drugs that are approved for purchase without a
prescription.
- Does NOT mean they are safe.
Minimum Effective Concentration (MEC) - correct answer Minimum amount of drug required
for the drug to take effect.
Bioavailability - correct answer The amount of drug that reaches the bloodstream and is
ACTIVE.
- Able to have an effect on the body.
First - Pass Effect - correct answer Metabolism ("tax") of a drug by the liver before it enters the
systemic circulation.
Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) - correct answer Endothelial lining that protects the brain from a
foreign substances. (Like a security guard).
Therapeutic Range (Index) - correct answer MANBABE
Toxic Effect - correct answer Medications can have specific risks and manifestations of toxicity.
May develop after taking a medication for a lengthy period of time.
Adverse Effects - correct answer Undesirable and potentially dangerous response to
medication.
Anaphylaxis - correct answer A life-threatening allergic response.
Contraindication - correct answer Conditions that make it risky or completely unsafe for clients
to take specific medications.
,NURS 240 Midterm (Week 1 - 4)
Generic Name - correct answer Name given to a drug developed by a pharmaceutical company
as its official name which is not capitalized.
What are some examples of the generic name of drugs? - correct answer Midazolam,
Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Ondansetron, etc.
Brand Name - correct answer A capitalized commercial or proprietary name given to a drug
that varies depending on the company producing it.
What are some examples of brand name of drugs? - correct answer Tylenol, Versed, Bayer,
Zofran, etc.
Indication - correct answer Reason why patient is receiving the medication.
Off-Label - correct answer When a physician prescribes a legal drug for a condition other than
its intended use.
Prophaylactic - correct answer Prevent a potential problem.
Tolerance - correct answer Gradual decrease in drug response leading to progressively
increasing drug dose. (weeks to months)
Therapeutic Classification - correct answer Categorizing drugs bases of therapeutic effect to
cure infection.
- "What Does the Drug Do?"
What are some examples of therapeutic classifications? - correct answer Antihypertensives,
Anticonvulsives, Analgesics, etc.
Pharmacologic Classification - correct answer Categorizing or grouping medications bases by
similarities.
- "How Does the Drug Work?"
What are some examples of pharmacologic classifications? - correct answer Opioids,
Cholinergics, Anticholinergics, etc.
Mechanism of Actions (MOA) - correct answer How medications produce their therapeutic
effect.
Tachyphylaxis-RAPID decrease - correct answer Rapid decrease in patient response to a drug
that had previously been effective. (first or second dose)
Additive Effect Expected - correct answer Expected response resulting from the combination of
2 drugs.
(2+2 = 4)
, NURS 240 Midterm (Week 1 - 4)
What's an example of an additive effect? - correct answer Taking Tylenol and Aspirin for a
headache.
Synergistic Effect Unexpected - correct answer Unexpected increase in effects when 2 drugs are
taken together.
(2+2 = 7)
What's an example of a synergistic effect? - correct answer Taking Alcohol (ETOH) and
Lorazepam will significantly increase depressant effects as both are CNS depressors.
Photosensitivity Reactions - correct answer skin reaction caused by exposure to sunlight.
Interaction of a drug and exposure to ultraviolet A (UVA) light, which can cause cellular
damage.
Controlled Substances - correct answer Prescribed drugs that can be addictive and have high
potential to be abused and misused.
How are controlled substances classified? - correct answer Schedule 1 (most dangerous) - 5
(least dangerous)
What are some Schedule 1 drugs? - correct answer Heroin, Marijuana, LSD, Ecstasy, Peyote,
etc.
What are some Schedule 2 drugs? - correct answer Cocaine, Methamphetamine, Fentanyl,
Adderall, Ritalin, etc.
Dopamine Antagonists - correct answer Causes the patient to have involuntary movements
such as, tics and twitches.
What are 2 example of Dopamine Antagonists? - correct answer Prochlorperazine and
Metoclopramide
Teratogens - correct answer Drugs/chemicals that can cause birth defects.
Pharmacokinetics - correct answer Movement of drugs through the body.
What are the 4 stages of pharmacokinetics? - correct answer 1. Absorption
2. Distribution
3. Metabolism
4. Excretion
(ADME)
Absorption-GI Tract - correct answer How the drug enters into the bloodstream.
