NU 636
Advanced Pharmacology
Midterms (Qns & Ans)
2025
General Instructions
1. Read All Questions Carefully: Make sure you understand each question.
2. Time Management: You have a specific amount of time to complete the exam.
Keep an eye on the clock and pace yourself.
3. Allowed Materials: Only use materials that are explicitly allowed. Unauthorized
materials can lead to disqualification.
4. ANS Format: Follow the required format for your ANS. For example, multiple-
choice questions might need you to select the best ANS, while essay questions
require detailed responses.
5. Academic Integrity: Adhere to the university's honor code. Any form of cheating or
plagiarism is strictly prohibited.
6. Technical Requirements: Ensure your computer and internet connection are
stable. For online exams, you might need a webcam and microphone for proctoring
purposes.
7. Submission: Submit your ANS before the time expires. Late submissions might
not be accepted.
©2024/2025
,1. Which of the following is a cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibitor
that can increase plasma concentrations of certain drugs?
A) Rifampin
B) St. John's Wort
C) Ketoconazole
D) Phenobarbital
ANS: C) Ketoconazole
Rationale: Ketoconazole is a known inhibitor of CYP3A4,
which can decrease metabolism and increase tissue concentrations
of drugs metabolized by this enzyme.
2. In patients with renal impairment, which class of antibiotics
requires dose adjustment to avoid toxicity?
A) Macrolides
B) Beta-lactams
C) Aminoglycosides
D) Tetracyclines
ANS: C) Aminoglycosides
©2024/2025
, Rationale: Aminoglycosides are primarily excreted by the
kidneys, and in renal impairment, their clearance is reduced,
necessitating dose adjustments.
3. Which anticoagulant is contraindicated in patients with
mechanical heart valves?
A) Warfarin
B) Dabigatran
C) Heparin
D) Enoxaparin
ANS: B) Dabigatran
Rationale: Dabigatran is not recommended for patients with
mechanical heart valves due to an increased risk of
thromboembolic events compared to warfarin.
4. A patient on long-term corticosteroid therapy is at increased
risk for which of the following complications?
A) Hyperglycemia
B) Hyperphosphatemia
C) Hyperkalemia
D) Hypernatremia
ANS: A) Hyperglycemia
©2024/2025
, Rationale: Corticosteroids can induce insulin resistance and
gluconeogenesis, leading to hyperglycemia.
5. The primary reason for using a combination of levodopa and
carbidopa in Parkinson's disease treatment is to:
A) Enhance renal excretion of levodopa.
B) Prevent peripheral conversion of levodopa.
C) Increase blood-brain barrier permeability.
D) Induce cytochrome P450 metabolism.
ANS: B) Prevent peripheral conversion of levodopa.
Rationale: Carbidopa inhibits peripheral dopa decarboxylase,
increasing central nervous system availability of levodopa.
Fill-in-the-Blank
6. ___________ is a side effect associated with chronic use of
proton pump inhibitors.
ANS: Osteoporosis
Rationale: Proton pump inhibitors can decrease calcium
absorption, potentially leading to osteoporosis with long-term use.
©2024/2025
Advanced Pharmacology
Midterms (Qns & Ans)
2025
General Instructions
1. Read All Questions Carefully: Make sure you understand each question.
2. Time Management: You have a specific amount of time to complete the exam.
Keep an eye on the clock and pace yourself.
3. Allowed Materials: Only use materials that are explicitly allowed. Unauthorized
materials can lead to disqualification.
4. ANS Format: Follow the required format for your ANS. For example, multiple-
choice questions might need you to select the best ANS, while essay questions
require detailed responses.
5. Academic Integrity: Adhere to the university's honor code. Any form of cheating or
plagiarism is strictly prohibited.
6. Technical Requirements: Ensure your computer and internet connection are
stable. For online exams, you might need a webcam and microphone for proctoring
purposes.
7. Submission: Submit your ANS before the time expires. Late submissions might
not be accepted.
©2024/2025
,1. Which of the following is a cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibitor
that can increase plasma concentrations of certain drugs?
A) Rifampin
B) St. John's Wort
C) Ketoconazole
D) Phenobarbital
ANS: C) Ketoconazole
Rationale: Ketoconazole is a known inhibitor of CYP3A4,
which can decrease metabolism and increase tissue concentrations
of drugs metabolized by this enzyme.
2. In patients with renal impairment, which class of antibiotics
requires dose adjustment to avoid toxicity?
A) Macrolides
B) Beta-lactams
C) Aminoglycosides
D) Tetracyclines
ANS: C) Aminoglycosides
©2024/2025
, Rationale: Aminoglycosides are primarily excreted by the
kidneys, and in renal impairment, their clearance is reduced,
necessitating dose adjustments.
3. Which anticoagulant is contraindicated in patients with
mechanical heart valves?
A) Warfarin
B) Dabigatran
C) Heparin
D) Enoxaparin
ANS: B) Dabigatran
Rationale: Dabigatran is not recommended for patients with
mechanical heart valves due to an increased risk of
thromboembolic events compared to warfarin.
4. A patient on long-term corticosteroid therapy is at increased
risk for which of the following complications?
A) Hyperglycemia
B) Hyperphosphatemia
C) Hyperkalemia
D) Hypernatremia
ANS: A) Hyperglycemia
©2024/2025
, Rationale: Corticosteroids can induce insulin resistance and
gluconeogenesis, leading to hyperglycemia.
5. The primary reason for using a combination of levodopa and
carbidopa in Parkinson's disease treatment is to:
A) Enhance renal excretion of levodopa.
B) Prevent peripheral conversion of levodopa.
C) Increase blood-brain barrier permeability.
D) Induce cytochrome P450 metabolism.
ANS: B) Prevent peripheral conversion of levodopa.
Rationale: Carbidopa inhibits peripheral dopa decarboxylase,
increasing central nervous system availability of levodopa.
Fill-in-the-Blank
6. ___________ is a side effect associated with chronic use of
proton pump inhibitors.
ANS: Osteoporosis
Rationale: Proton pump inhibitors can decrease calcium
absorption, potentially leading to osteoporosis with long-term use.
©2024/2025
