AUD 612 Lectures 1-3 Exam
Study Guide
compression - ANSWER region of increased pressure; increase in density of air
molecules
rarefaction - ANSWER region where air pressure is slightly less normal; decrease in
density of air molecules
sinusoid - ANSWER graph that represents simple harmonic motion
frequency (f) - ANSWER number of complete vibrations or cycles per unit time (second);
measured in cycles per second (cps)
period (T) - ANSWER the time elapsed during a single complete cycle
T= - ANSWER 1/f
f= - ANSWER 1/T
1130 ft/sec - ANSWER the velocity with which sound travels through air is about
__________ at room temp
wavelength equation - ANSWER λ= v/f
resonance frequency - ANSWER the frequency at which the system will vibrate with its
greatest magnitude.
increase in mass= decrease in frequency
decrease in mass= increase in frequency
acoustic filter - ANSWER resonators act as this; they passively reject sounds at
frequencies other than their natural frequencies
Fourier transform (analysis) - ANSWER any complex sound can be resolved into the sum
of a finite number or sinusoidal components of different amplitudes, frequencies, and
phases
sagittal plane - ANSWER divides the body into right and left parts
frontal/coronal plane - ANSWER divides the body into front and back
transverse plane - ANSWER divides the body into top and bottom parts
,horizontal - ANSWER parallel with the horizon
anterior - ANSWER toward the front
posterior - ANSWER toward the back
inferior - ANSWER toward the bottom
superior - ANSWER toward the top
medial - ANSWER toward the midline
lateral - ANSWER toward the side
ventral - ANSWER anterior (below the midbrain) or inferior (above the midbrain)
dorsal - ANSWER posterior (below the midbrain) or superior (above the midbrain)
proximal - ANSWER closer to the trunk
ipsilateral - ANSWER the same side of the body
contralateral - ANSWER the opposite side of the body
temporal bone - ANSWER peripheral system is located for the most part in the
external auditory meatus - ANSWER directs sound to the tympanic membrane
tympanic membran - ANSWER thin membrane that is set in motion by sound waves
air - ANSWER middle ear is filled with:
eustachian tube - ANSWER links the middle ear with the nasopharyngeal cavity
cochlea - ANSWER organ of dual sensory function (hearing and balance)
mechanical energy - ANSWER type of energy in middle ear
air vibration - ANSWER type of energy in outer ear
mechanical energy ( fluid vibration, transduction - ANSWER type of energy in inner ear
electrical energy - ANSWER type of energy from inner ear to nervous system
bony labyrinth - ANSWER located within the petrous portion of the temporal bone
membranous labrinth - ANSWER located within the bony labyrinth
auditory nerve - ANSWER carries electrical impulses from the inner ear to the brainstem
vestibulocochlear nerve - ANSWER cranial nerve 8; connects the inner ear to the central
nervous system
, neurons - ANSWER individual cells from a nerve
afferent neurons - ANSWER carry information from the peripheral nervous system to the
central nervous system
ascending
most neurons are this kind
efferent neurons - ANSWER carry information from the central nervous system to the
peripheral nervous system
descending
central auditory nervous system (CANS) - ANSWER sound processing network of
afferent and efferent auditory fiber tracts and nuclei
nuclei - ANSWER bundles of cell bodies where nerve fibers synapse
cochlea location - ANSWER medulla/pons
cochlear nucleus location - ANSWER medulla/pons
lateral lemniscus location - ANSWER pons
superior olivary complex location - ANSWER pons
inferior colliculus location - ANSWER midbrain
medical geniculate nucleus location - ANSWER thalamus
heschl's gyrus (primary auditory cortex) location - ANSWER cortex
auditory association areas location - ANSWER cortex
lateral lemniscus (LL) - ANSWER generates wave 5 in ABR
cochlear nucleus (CN) - ANSWER 1st CANS structure
superior olivary complex (SOC) - ANSWER 1st bilateral representation (it processes
inputs from both ears); important in localization; acoustic reflex is mediated by this
inferior colliculus (IC) - ANSWER amplitude modulated tones (specialized neurons that
respond to warbled tones)
medial geniculate body (MGB) - ANSWER contributes to middle latency response (MLR)
auditory cortex and subcortex - ANSWER highly involved in the perception of speech
stimuli
outer and middle ear - ANSWER collect and transmit souns
Study Guide
compression - ANSWER region of increased pressure; increase in density of air
molecules
rarefaction - ANSWER region where air pressure is slightly less normal; decrease in
density of air molecules
sinusoid - ANSWER graph that represents simple harmonic motion
frequency (f) - ANSWER number of complete vibrations or cycles per unit time (second);
measured in cycles per second (cps)
period (T) - ANSWER the time elapsed during a single complete cycle
T= - ANSWER 1/f
f= - ANSWER 1/T
1130 ft/sec - ANSWER the velocity with which sound travels through air is about
__________ at room temp
wavelength equation - ANSWER λ= v/f
resonance frequency - ANSWER the frequency at which the system will vibrate with its
greatest magnitude.
increase in mass= decrease in frequency
decrease in mass= increase in frequency
acoustic filter - ANSWER resonators act as this; they passively reject sounds at
frequencies other than their natural frequencies
Fourier transform (analysis) - ANSWER any complex sound can be resolved into the sum
of a finite number or sinusoidal components of different amplitudes, frequencies, and
phases
sagittal plane - ANSWER divides the body into right and left parts
frontal/coronal plane - ANSWER divides the body into front and back
transverse plane - ANSWER divides the body into top and bottom parts
,horizontal - ANSWER parallel with the horizon
anterior - ANSWER toward the front
posterior - ANSWER toward the back
inferior - ANSWER toward the bottom
superior - ANSWER toward the top
medial - ANSWER toward the midline
lateral - ANSWER toward the side
ventral - ANSWER anterior (below the midbrain) or inferior (above the midbrain)
dorsal - ANSWER posterior (below the midbrain) or superior (above the midbrain)
proximal - ANSWER closer to the trunk
ipsilateral - ANSWER the same side of the body
contralateral - ANSWER the opposite side of the body
temporal bone - ANSWER peripheral system is located for the most part in the
external auditory meatus - ANSWER directs sound to the tympanic membrane
tympanic membran - ANSWER thin membrane that is set in motion by sound waves
air - ANSWER middle ear is filled with:
eustachian tube - ANSWER links the middle ear with the nasopharyngeal cavity
cochlea - ANSWER organ of dual sensory function (hearing and balance)
mechanical energy - ANSWER type of energy in middle ear
air vibration - ANSWER type of energy in outer ear
mechanical energy ( fluid vibration, transduction - ANSWER type of energy in inner ear
electrical energy - ANSWER type of energy from inner ear to nervous system
bony labyrinth - ANSWER located within the petrous portion of the temporal bone
membranous labrinth - ANSWER located within the bony labyrinth
auditory nerve - ANSWER carries electrical impulses from the inner ear to the brainstem
vestibulocochlear nerve - ANSWER cranial nerve 8; connects the inner ear to the central
nervous system
, neurons - ANSWER individual cells from a nerve
afferent neurons - ANSWER carry information from the peripheral nervous system to the
central nervous system
ascending
most neurons are this kind
efferent neurons - ANSWER carry information from the central nervous system to the
peripheral nervous system
descending
central auditory nervous system (CANS) - ANSWER sound processing network of
afferent and efferent auditory fiber tracts and nuclei
nuclei - ANSWER bundles of cell bodies where nerve fibers synapse
cochlea location - ANSWER medulla/pons
cochlear nucleus location - ANSWER medulla/pons
lateral lemniscus location - ANSWER pons
superior olivary complex location - ANSWER pons
inferior colliculus location - ANSWER midbrain
medical geniculate nucleus location - ANSWER thalamus
heschl's gyrus (primary auditory cortex) location - ANSWER cortex
auditory association areas location - ANSWER cortex
lateral lemniscus (LL) - ANSWER generates wave 5 in ABR
cochlear nucleus (CN) - ANSWER 1st CANS structure
superior olivary complex (SOC) - ANSWER 1st bilateral representation (it processes
inputs from both ears); important in localization; acoustic reflex is mediated by this
inferior colliculus (IC) - ANSWER amplitude modulated tones (specialized neurons that
respond to warbled tones)
medial geniculate body (MGB) - ANSWER contributes to middle latency response (MLR)
auditory cortex and subcortex - ANSWER highly involved in the perception of speech
stimuli
outer and middle ear - ANSWER collect and transmit souns
