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NURS
NURS 231 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
(2024/2025) GUARANTEED PASS
What is important about the sentinel node? - ANS ✓The first evidence of
disease may be found in the lymph nodes that drain the tumor area. The sentinel
node is the first lymph node to which the primary tumor drains. This lymph node
is examined for the presence of cancer cells.
What is angiogenesis? - ANS ✓When the tumor reaches the distant site, it must
establish blood vessels and growth factors to continue to grow. The development
of new blood vessels within the tumor is termed angiogenesis.
What are the 2 broad etiologic causes of cancer? - ANS ✓1. The genetic and
molecular mechanisms that transform normal cells to cancer cells.
2. The external factors such as age, heredity, and environmental agents.
What are the 2 cancer associated genes? - ANS ✓Protooncogenes and tumor
suppressor genes
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, 2
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What are the 3 genetic events that lead to oncogene formation and
activation? - ANS ✓Point mutation, chromosomal translocation, and gene
amplification
What the 6 molecular and cellular mechanisms that are known to facilitate
the development of cancer? - ANS ✓Defects in DNA repair mechanisms, defects
in growth factor signalling pathways, evasion of apoptosis, avoidance of cellular
senescence, development of sustained angiogenesis, and metastasis and invasion.
What are the 7 risk factors that can lead to the development of cancer? -
ANS ✓Risk factors linked to cancer include heredity, hormonal factors, obesity,
immunologic mechanisms, environmental agents such as chemicals, radiation,
and cancer-causing viruses.
Give an example of a hereditary cancer: - ANS ✓BRCA1,2 causes breast and
ovarian cancer; retinoblastoma; familial adenomatous polyposis causes colon
cancer.
What organs do hormones and the development of cancer target? - ANS
✓Breast, ovary, endometrium, prostate
NURS 231
NURS
NURS 231 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
(2024/2025) GUARANTEED PASS
What is important about the sentinel node? - ANS ✓The first evidence of
disease may be found in the lymph nodes that drain the tumor area. The sentinel
node is the first lymph node to which the primary tumor drains. This lymph node
is examined for the presence of cancer cells.
What is angiogenesis? - ANS ✓When the tumor reaches the distant site, it must
establish blood vessels and growth factors to continue to grow. The development
of new blood vessels within the tumor is termed angiogenesis.
What are the 2 broad etiologic causes of cancer? - ANS ✓1. The genetic and
molecular mechanisms that transform normal cells to cancer cells.
2. The external factors such as age, heredity, and environmental agents.
What are the 2 cancer associated genes? - ANS ✓Protooncogenes and tumor
suppressor genes
NURS 231
, 2
NURS
What are the 3 genetic events that lead to oncogene formation and
activation? - ANS ✓Point mutation, chromosomal translocation, and gene
amplification
What the 6 molecular and cellular mechanisms that are known to facilitate
the development of cancer? - ANS ✓Defects in DNA repair mechanisms, defects
in growth factor signalling pathways, evasion of apoptosis, avoidance of cellular
senescence, development of sustained angiogenesis, and metastasis and invasion.
What are the 7 risk factors that can lead to the development of cancer? -
ANS ✓Risk factors linked to cancer include heredity, hormonal factors, obesity,
immunologic mechanisms, environmental agents such as chemicals, radiation,
and cancer-causing viruses.
Give an example of a hereditary cancer: - ANS ✓BRCA1,2 causes breast and
ovarian cancer; retinoblastoma; familial adenomatous polyposis causes colon
cancer.
What organs do hormones and the development of cancer target? - ANS
✓Breast, ovary, endometrium, prostate
NURS 231
