CAPA certification Exam with Accurate
Solutions
acidemia - ANSWER-lower than normal blood pH; increased hydrogen ions
Acidosis - ANSWER-pH < 7.35; process that leads to an increase of hydrogen ion
concentration in the blood
adventitious breath sounds - ANSWER-Abnormal breath sounds such as wheezing,
stridor, rhonchi, and crackles.
apnea - ANSWER-absence of breathing
alkalemia - ANSWER-blood pH > 7.45; decreased hydrogen ion concentration
Alkalosis - ANSWER-process that leads to decreased hydrogen ions concentration
Apneustic breathing - ANSWER-Abnormal respiration marked by prolonged inspiration
interrupted by occasional expiration
atelectasis - ANSWER-collapse of alveoli
bradypnea - ANSWER-Slow breathing (less than 8/min)
bronchiectasis - ANSWER-dilation of the bronchi
bronchospasm - ANSWER-constriction of bronchi caused by spasm of the peribronchial
smooth muscle
central sleep apnea - ANSWER-sleep disorder with periods of interrupted breathing due
to a disruption in signals sent from the brain that regulate breathing
Cheyne-Stokes respiration - ANSWER-a pattern of alternating periods of hypopnea or
apnea, followed by hyperpnea; associated with brain damage, heart or kidney failure, or
drug overdose
compliance (lung) - ANSWER-a measure of distensibility of the lungs; the amount of
change in volume per change in pressure across the lung.
, cyanosis - ANSWER-a bluish discoloration of the skin resulting from poor circulation or
inadequate oxygenation of the blood; more than 5g of hemogloblin/ deciliter of arterial
blood is deoxygenated.
Dyspnea - ANSWER-shortness of breath
epistaxis - ANSWER-nosebleed; usually in the Kiesselbach plexus or the Little's area;
can occur in PACU d/t trauma to the nasal veins from nasotracheal tubes or to nasal
airways during anesthesia.
Treating epistaxis - ANSWER-prompt action to prevent aspiration; position patient head
up and flexed forward toward the chest; cold compresses to the bridge of the nose and
neck. If bleeding is profuse, then suction oral cavity and notify attending. Packing or
cautery with silver nitrate or electric current may be necessary.
hypercapnia - ANSWER-excessive carbon dioxide (Paco2) in the bloodstream , typically
caused by inadequate respiration.
hyperoxemia - ANSWER-increased oxygen (Pao2) in the blood
Hyperventilation - ANSWER-overventilation of the alveoli in relation to the amount of
carbon dioxide produced by the body.
hypocapnia - ANSWER-condition of deficient carbon dioxide (Paco2)in the blood
hypoventilation - ANSWER-deficient movement of air into and out of the lungs, causing
hypercapnia
hypoxemia - ANSWER-deficient oxygen (Pao2) in the blood
Hypoxia - ANSWER-deficient amount of oxygen reaching the tissues
Kussmaul respirations - ANSWER-very deep, labored breathing (usually associated
with diabetic acidosis and renal failure)
Methemoglobin - ANSWER-Hemoglobin disorder in which the iron molecule of hgb is
oxidized into Fe+3, causing a left shift in the Oxygen-Hemoglobin curve. Blood becomes
brown colored.
minute ventilation - ANSWER-total volume of air exhaled each minute
orthopnea - ANSWER-difficulty breathing when lying down
Oxyhemoglobin - ANSWER-hemoglobin bound to oxygen
Solutions
acidemia - ANSWER-lower than normal blood pH; increased hydrogen ions
Acidosis - ANSWER-pH < 7.35; process that leads to an increase of hydrogen ion
concentration in the blood
adventitious breath sounds - ANSWER-Abnormal breath sounds such as wheezing,
stridor, rhonchi, and crackles.
apnea - ANSWER-absence of breathing
alkalemia - ANSWER-blood pH > 7.45; decreased hydrogen ion concentration
Alkalosis - ANSWER-process that leads to decreased hydrogen ions concentration
Apneustic breathing - ANSWER-Abnormal respiration marked by prolonged inspiration
interrupted by occasional expiration
atelectasis - ANSWER-collapse of alveoli
bradypnea - ANSWER-Slow breathing (less than 8/min)
bronchiectasis - ANSWER-dilation of the bronchi
bronchospasm - ANSWER-constriction of bronchi caused by spasm of the peribronchial
smooth muscle
central sleep apnea - ANSWER-sleep disorder with periods of interrupted breathing due
to a disruption in signals sent from the brain that regulate breathing
Cheyne-Stokes respiration - ANSWER-a pattern of alternating periods of hypopnea or
apnea, followed by hyperpnea; associated with brain damage, heart or kidney failure, or
drug overdose
compliance (lung) - ANSWER-a measure of distensibility of the lungs; the amount of
change in volume per change in pressure across the lung.
, cyanosis - ANSWER-a bluish discoloration of the skin resulting from poor circulation or
inadequate oxygenation of the blood; more than 5g of hemogloblin/ deciliter of arterial
blood is deoxygenated.
Dyspnea - ANSWER-shortness of breath
epistaxis - ANSWER-nosebleed; usually in the Kiesselbach plexus or the Little's area;
can occur in PACU d/t trauma to the nasal veins from nasotracheal tubes or to nasal
airways during anesthesia.
Treating epistaxis - ANSWER-prompt action to prevent aspiration; position patient head
up and flexed forward toward the chest; cold compresses to the bridge of the nose and
neck. If bleeding is profuse, then suction oral cavity and notify attending. Packing or
cautery with silver nitrate or electric current may be necessary.
hypercapnia - ANSWER-excessive carbon dioxide (Paco2) in the bloodstream , typically
caused by inadequate respiration.
hyperoxemia - ANSWER-increased oxygen (Pao2) in the blood
Hyperventilation - ANSWER-overventilation of the alveoli in relation to the amount of
carbon dioxide produced by the body.
hypocapnia - ANSWER-condition of deficient carbon dioxide (Paco2)in the blood
hypoventilation - ANSWER-deficient movement of air into and out of the lungs, causing
hypercapnia
hypoxemia - ANSWER-deficient oxygen (Pao2) in the blood
Hypoxia - ANSWER-deficient amount of oxygen reaching the tissues
Kussmaul respirations - ANSWER-very deep, labored breathing (usually associated
with diabetic acidosis and renal failure)
Methemoglobin - ANSWER-Hemoglobin disorder in which the iron molecule of hgb is
oxidized into Fe+3, causing a left shift in the Oxygen-Hemoglobin curve. Blood becomes
brown colored.
minute ventilation - ANSWER-total volume of air exhaled each minute
orthopnea - ANSWER-difficulty breathing when lying down
Oxyhemoglobin - ANSWER-hemoglobin bound to oxygen
