NBRC TMC-CRT RRT EXAM
1. extra pulmonary air indicates:: -pneumothorax
-pneumoperitoneum
-pneumomediastinum
-pneumopericardium
-sub cu. emphysema
2. Epiglottitis:: -above glottis
-confirm with lat. neck cxr; supraglottic narrowing with enlarged flattened epiglottis
-thumb sign
Tx: intubate
3. Croup (laryngotracheobronchitis): infection of upper airway characterized by a
barky cough seen in children
CXR: tracheal narrowing with subglottic swelling (steeple sign, picket fence, pencil
point, hour glass)
Treatment: racemic epi and O2
4. ETT Placement:: 2-6 cm above carina-- level of aortic arch
,To confirm- first listen to breath sounds, then CXR
5. AP radiograph:: front to back
6. PA radiograph: back to front
7. Lateral radiograph: sides
8. Oblique CXR: standing/diagonal- lesions
9. Lateral decubitus: lying on AFFECTED side-- pleural effusions
10. Apical lordotic: tops of lungs used to confirm TB
11. End exp. image: detect small pnuemos
12. Confirming quality of CXR image: - clavicles are level
- penetration- vertabrae visible just behind heart
-mediastinum- area between lungs, heart, blood vessels and bronchi are found
-vascular markings
13. Enlarged Heart in CXR: cardiomegaly--- CHF- pericardial effusion
14. Normal CXR: -hemidiaphragms
-R diaphragm elevated (liver underneath)
-L diaphragm at level of 6 anterior rib
-trachea midline
-bilateral radiolucent appearance
-sharp costophrenic angles
- heart not consuming 50% of picture
15. Blood Pressure: 120/80
90-140 systolic acceptable
, 60-90 diastolic acceptable
hypertension- O2
hypotension- fluids, hypovolemia, chf
16. Heart sounds:: S1- ventricles contract
S2-ventricles relax
(LUB-DUB)
S3 & S4 not good; recommend echo
17. pleural friction rub: Coarse grating raspy or crushing sound
TB, pneumonia, PE, and hemothorax
Recommend steroids and antibiotics
18. stertor:: snoring sound produced when patients are unable to cough up secre-
tions from the trachea or bronchi
19. adventitous breath sounds:: abnormal breath sounds
20. coarse crackles:: loud, bubbly noise heard during inspiration; not cleared by a
cough
21. medium crackles: middle airway- clear with CPT
22. fine crackles: alveoli/fluid
indicative: CHF, pulm. edema
Tx: o2, ppv, inotropic therapy, diuretics
23. Bronchial breath sounds: normal breath sounds over trachea or bronchi
24. vesicular breath sounds: Normal breath sounds made by air moving in and out
of the alveoli.
25. percussion: tapping on surface
resonant- normal
flat/dull- less air
1. extra pulmonary air indicates:: -pneumothorax
-pneumoperitoneum
-pneumomediastinum
-pneumopericardium
-sub cu. emphysema
2. Epiglottitis:: -above glottis
-confirm with lat. neck cxr; supraglottic narrowing with enlarged flattened epiglottis
-thumb sign
Tx: intubate
3. Croup (laryngotracheobronchitis): infection of upper airway characterized by a
barky cough seen in children
CXR: tracheal narrowing with subglottic swelling (steeple sign, picket fence, pencil
point, hour glass)
Treatment: racemic epi and O2
4. ETT Placement:: 2-6 cm above carina-- level of aortic arch
,To confirm- first listen to breath sounds, then CXR
5. AP radiograph:: front to back
6. PA radiograph: back to front
7. Lateral radiograph: sides
8. Oblique CXR: standing/diagonal- lesions
9. Lateral decubitus: lying on AFFECTED side-- pleural effusions
10. Apical lordotic: tops of lungs used to confirm TB
11. End exp. image: detect small pnuemos
12. Confirming quality of CXR image: - clavicles are level
- penetration- vertabrae visible just behind heart
-mediastinum- area between lungs, heart, blood vessels and bronchi are found
-vascular markings
13. Enlarged Heart in CXR: cardiomegaly--- CHF- pericardial effusion
14. Normal CXR: -hemidiaphragms
-R diaphragm elevated (liver underneath)
-L diaphragm at level of 6 anterior rib
-trachea midline
-bilateral radiolucent appearance
-sharp costophrenic angles
- heart not consuming 50% of picture
15. Blood Pressure: 120/80
90-140 systolic acceptable
, 60-90 diastolic acceptable
hypertension- O2
hypotension- fluids, hypovolemia, chf
16. Heart sounds:: S1- ventricles contract
S2-ventricles relax
(LUB-DUB)
S3 & S4 not good; recommend echo
17. pleural friction rub: Coarse grating raspy or crushing sound
TB, pneumonia, PE, and hemothorax
Recommend steroids and antibiotics
18. stertor:: snoring sound produced when patients are unable to cough up secre-
tions from the trachea or bronchi
19. adventitous breath sounds:: abnormal breath sounds
20. coarse crackles:: loud, bubbly noise heard during inspiration; not cleared by a
cough
21. medium crackles: middle airway- clear with CPT
22. fine crackles: alveoli/fluid
indicative: CHF, pulm. edema
Tx: o2, ppv, inotropic therapy, diuretics
23. Bronchial breath sounds: normal breath sounds over trachea or bronchi
24. vesicular breath sounds: Normal breath sounds made by air moving in and out
of the alveoli.
25. percussion: tapping on surface
resonant- normal
flat/dull- less air
