ENR 3700 EXAM STUDY SET
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION
Cartographic Principles - ANSWER • One of the contributing disciplines to GIS
- This is the output of GIS
• The ability of GIS to graphically portray
geographic analysis results sets it apart from
Information Technologies
• People relate to maps
• Maps have the potential to relay information
quickly
What is a Map - ANSWER A map is a "spatial representation of natural resource
variables"
- Represent land area
- Convey message or theme about land area
- People relate to maps and maps have the potential to relay info quickly
Map Design or Cartographic Design - ANSWER - Design relates to appearance,
effectiveness in
information communication
- Base level: follow rules, guidelines and
conventions
- Increasing body of research on how maps work
- Artistic element "guided less by experiment and
more by intuition and critical examination"
- Significant overlap with graphic design more
generally
,3 questions that need be answered before making a map - ANSWER - The people who
may use the map
(the audience)
- The objective(s) of the map (the
message)
- The data that will be displayed in
the map (the information available)
Overall concept of the Making of a map - ANSWER Collection-> GIS -> Cartographic
Presentation
Information is processed, converted, analyzed, manipulated, categorized, selected,
abstracted, generalized, and symbolized throughout these steps.
- All maps are potentially biased
Different map components - ANSWER - Symbology
- Direction
- Scale
- Legend
- Title
- Data Source
- Locational inset
- Neatline
- Color and contrast
- Annotation
- Ancillary information
(projections, dates,
names, caveats,
disclaimers, etc.)
Where is the scale information for GIS
datasets? - What does this mean? - ANSWER GIS datasets do not state the scale on the
map, because you can change the scale (Zoom In and Out). The viewing scale will be at
, the bottom of the screen.
- The development scale of GIS datasets can be found in the Metadata!!!!
Metadata - ANSWER data about data - all the facts you need to know about your dataset
How does development scale effect our use of GIS datasets? - ANSWER The scale
effects the use of GIS dataset in two ways
- How far we can zoom in and out reliably on a dataset
- Which GIS datasets we can integrate together
What elements of map making are considered art - ANSWER - Visual balance (important.
Awkward maps are ignored.)
- Color (affects the interpretation)
- Contrast (emphasized what information you want to be gleaned from the map)
How can we lie with maps? - ANSWER Sometimes maps can be misleading either with
the information presented or the scale that is used.
Data - ANSWER - a collection of attributes, facts, measurements or statistics (numeric,
alphanumeric, figures, pictures) about entities (things, events, activities)
- Fundamental to scientific investigations, practical applications, management
activities, decision making.
Information - ANSWER the organization of data such that it is valuable for analysis,
evaluation, and decision making
Two components of Spatial Data - ANSWER Attributes and Location
Attributes - ANSWER that describe phenomena, processes, and
characteristics for features or entities on the Earth
Location - ANSWER that tells where the features and entities are on the Earth or in our
environment
Spatial data/information - ANSWER is any information/data with a
direct or indirect reference to a specific location, geographical area, or physical entity
coordinate systems - ANSWER A frame used to define the locations of geographical
entities using some coordinate values, describe how to use (x,y) values to label a point,
help establish absolute position on Earth
Why is location fundamental to Geospatial Technologies - ANSWER - Location is what
makes data
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION
Cartographic Principles - ANSWER • One of the contributing disciplines to GIS
- This is the output of GIS
• The ability of GIS to graphically portray
geographic analysis results sets it apart from
Information Technologies
• People relate to maps
• Maps have the potential to relay information
quickly
What is a Map - ANSWER A map is a "spatial representation of natural resource
variables"
- Represent land area
- Convey message or theme about land area
- People relate to maps and maps have the potential to relay info quickly
Map Design or Cartographic Design - ANSWER - Design relates to appearance,
effectiveness in
information communication
- Base level: follow rules, guidelines and
conventions
- Increasing body of research on how maps work
- Artistic element "guided less by experiment and
more by intuition and critical examination"
- Significant overlap with graphic design more
generally
,3 questions that need be answered before making a map - ANSWER - The people who
may use the map
(the audience)
- The objective(s) of the map (the
message)
- The data that will be displayed in
the map (the information available)
Overall concept of the Making of a map - ANSWER Collection-> GIS -> Cartographic
Presentation
Information is processed, converted, analyzed, manipulated, categorized, selected,
abstracted, generalized, and symbolized throughout these steps.
- All maps are potentially biased
Different map components - ANSWER - Symbology
- Direction
- Scale
- Legend
- Title
- Data Source
- Locational inset
- Neatline
- Color and contrast
- Annotation
- Ancillary information
(projections, dates,
names, caveats,
disclaimers, etc.)
Where is the scale information for GIS
datasets? - What does this mean? - ANSWER GIS datasets do not state the scale on the
map, because you can change the scale (Zoom In and Out). The viewing scale will be at
, the bottom of the screen.
- The development scale of GIS datasets can be found in the Metadata!!!!
Metadata - ANSWER data about data - all the facts you need to know about your dataset
How does development scale effect our use of GIS datasets? - ANSWER The scale
effects the use of GIS dataset in two ways
- How far we can zoom in and out reliably on a dataset
- Which GIS datasets we can integrate together
What elements of map making are considered art - ANSWER - Visual balance (important.
Awkward maps are ignored.)
- Color (affects the interpretation)
- Contrast (emphasized what information you want to be gleaned from the map)
How can we lie with maps? - ANSWER Sometimes maps can be misleading either with
the information presented or the scale that is used.
Data - ANSWER - a collection of attributes, facts, measurements or statistics (numeric,
alphanumeric, figures, pictures) about entities (things, events, activities)
- Fundamental to scientific investigations, practical applications, management
activities, decision making.
Information - ANSWER the organization of data such that it is valuable for analysis,
evaluation, and decision making
Two components of Spatial Data - ANSWER Attributes and Location
Attributes - ANSWER that describe phenomena, processes, and
characteristics for features or entities on the Earth
Location - ANSWER that tells where the features and entities are on the Earth or in our
environment
Spatial data/information - ANSWER is any information/data with a
direct or indirect reference to a specific location, geographical area, or physical entity
coordinate systems - ANSWER A frame used to define the locations of geographical
entities using some coordinate values, describe how to use (x,y) values to label a point,
help establish absolute position on Earth
Why is location fundamental to Geospatial Technologies - ANSWER - Location is what
makes data
