PSYC300 Midterm Exam(Part-1) (MCQ) American Public University(Verified answers, Already Graded A)

PSYC300 Midterm Exam(Part-1) (MCQ) American Public University PSYC300 D002 Sum 16: Midterm Exam - Week 4 Question 1 of 50 3.0/ 3.0 Points Which of the following examples illustrate research the way it is defined in your textbook? A.Sally is wring a paper about the effects of the Harry Potter books on the reading habits of fourth graders in the United States and United kingdom. She does to a research library to find information to include in her paper. B.Ian wants to know why the population of songbirds has declined in recent years in the Sutton Wilderness Area. He carefully collects soil and water samples, systematically surveys the entire area for predators, and then sits down to make sense of his findings. C.Leo is starting a woodworking business and is not sure how to calculate the cost of his labor so he can be both profitable and fair to the customers. He asks several established business owners how they calculate labor changes. D.Elaine is doing a report on the sonnets of Shakespeare. She carefully reads a number of sonnets and then carefully reads scholarly reviews of those same sonnets written by various Shakespeare scholars. She synthesizer all of these information in her report. Question 2 of 50 3.0/ 3.0 Points To be consider true research, a project must: A.gather together a body of existing information and communicate it in a clear and concise way. B.uncover obscure or esoteric information and bring it to the consideration of the broader research community. C.gather and interpret information in a systematic fashion so as to increase understanding of some phenomenon. D.produce definitive conclusions regarding the subject study. Question 3 of 50 3.0/ 3.0 Points Well-designed research manages to minimize or avoid: A.assumptions B.predictions C.theory D.bias Question 4 of 50 3.0/ 3.0 Points Research problems, as defined in your textbook: A.are identified by experts in the field, and not typically knowable by novices. B.clearly and completely specify important questions that are currently unanswered in a particular field of inquiry. C.are broad, general statements about the incomplete state of understanding in a particular field of inquiry. D.can be addressed by compiling and synthesizing existing information in a way that sheds light on the issue of interest. Question 5 of 50 3.0/ 3.0 Points In regard to research questions and hypothesis, a high quality research study will: A.articulate only research questions, not hypotheses, so as not to constrain the possible findings B.articulate only hypotheses, not research questions, in order to preserve the scientific rigor of the investigation. C.focus only on those questions that can support the correctness of current hypotheses or theoretical positions. D.articulate either research questions or hypotheses depending on the nature of the study. Question 6 of 50 3.0/ 3.0 Points Sonya is a college freshman who has just been assigned her first research paper, and she doesn’t know how to get started finding information. Sonya should: A. search the World Wide Web B.consult an online or electronic database C.consult a reference librarian D.browse the shelves of the library Question 7 of 50 3.0/ 3.0 Points Three of the following statements about measurement in the research setting are accurate. Which one is NOT accurate? A.The purpose of measurement is to systematically limit the data in a way that makes it quantifiable. B.Measurement is applied by researchers only to insubstantial phenomena. C.Measurement is a tool that aids researchers in interpreting their observations. D.Systematic measurement assists researchers in obtaining objectivity in their researcher. Question 8 of 50 3.0/ 3.0 Points Imani analyzed data and found that explicit teaching reading strategies improves students' performance on standardized tests. In this study, explicit teaching of reading strategies is A.an independent variable. B.a dependent variable. C.a mediating variable. D.a moderating variable. Question 9 of 50 3.0/ 3.0 Points Marco's study suggested that elementary students who watch TV more than three hours a day are more likely to be overweight than students who watch less TV. In this study student's weight is A.an independent variable. B.a dependent variable. C.a mediating variable. D.a moderating variable. Question 10 of 50 3.0/ 3.0 Points Professor Harris is constructing a demographic questionnaire for use in a research project. One question asks students to report how politically conservative they are it includes a 7-point scale where 1 is "not at all conservative" and 7 is "extremely conservative." This is an example of a/an: A.nominal scale B.ordinal scale C.interval scale D.ratio scale Question 11 of 50 3.0/ 3.0 Points Professor Harris is constructing a demographic questionnaire for use in a research project. One question asks students to report their highest level of education by choosing these options: "some high school", "completed high school,", "some college", or "completed 4-year college degree." This is an example of a/an: A.nominal scale B.ordinal scale C.interval scale D.ratio scale Question 12 of 50 3.0/ 3.0 Points Professor Adams is constructing a demographic questionnaire for use in a research project. One question asks students to report their age in years. This is an example of a/an: A.nominal scale B.ordinal scale C.interval scale D.ratio scale Question 13 of 50 3.0/ 3.0 Points Professor Adams is constructing a demographic questionnaire for use in a research project. One question asks students to report whether they are currently living in an "urban", "suburban", or "rural" setting. This is an example of a/an: A.nominal scale B.ordinal scale C.interval scale D.ration scale Question 14 of 50 3.0/ 3.0 Points Kate has spent the past month carefully observing a group of third graders on the playground during recess, taking notes of how the students interact with one another. On the basis of these observation, Kate is drawing conclusions about the interaction styles of boys and girls. This is an example of: A.hypothetical logic B.deductive logic C.inductive logic D.propositional logic Question 15 of 50 3.0/ 3.0 Points Alicia knows that teenagers often do not make good decisions in areas where they have little knowledge. She also knows that most teens have little knowledge about human sexuality. Therefore, Alicia believes that teens are likely to make poor decisions about sexual activity. This is an example of: A.inductive logic B.propositional logic C.transductive logic D.deductive logic Question 16 of 50 3.0/ 3.0 Points Which of the following represents a well-written applied research problem? A.“How does the organization of mathematical information in long-term memory differ between 3-year-olds and 13-year-olds?” B.“How do business teams of six or fewer members compare to teams of more than six members in terms of productivity?” C.“Which general education course is more interesting, U.S. History or World Music?” D.“What is the ratio of native-born students to international students on the campuses of major U.S. state universities?” Question 17 of 50 3.0/ 3.0 Points “What proportion of workers hired by selected factories in the state of Oklahoma between 1995 and 2000 held four-year college degrees?” The chief weakness of this research problem is that: A.it lacks clarity or completeness in the problem statement. B.it implies only description of the data, not interpretation. C.it does not lead to the creation/discovery of new information. D.studying the question as stated is not feasible. Question 18 of 50 3.0/ 3.0 Points “What do underemployed U.S. workers (i.e., those workers who are employed, but not in positions for which they have specialized training or expertise) identify as the primary reason for their inability to find suitable employment?” The chief weakness of this research problem is that: A.it lacks clarity or completeness in the problem statement. B.it does not lead to the creation/discovery of new information. C.it implies only description of the data, not interpretation. D.studying the question as stated is not feasible. Question 19 of 50 3.0/ 3.0 Points “What is the correlation between an index of civic-mindedness and years of involvement in local organizations and charities among members of city councils of selected midsized cities in the northeastern United States?” The chief weakness of this research problem is that: A.it implies only description of the data, not interpretation. B.it does not lead to the creation/discovery of new information. C.it lacks clarity or completeness in the problem statement. D.studying the question as stated is not feasible. Question 20 of 50 3.0/ 3.0 Points “Among social workers in selected U.S. urban areas, are the personality characteristics of Need for Structure or In-Group Preference related to prejudicial social judgments about African Americans, Latino Americans, or Asian Americans?” Which of the following is a well-stated subproblem that follows from this research problem? A.Which group is more discriminated against by the public at large in each of the selected areas: African Americans, Latino Americans, or Asian Americans? B.What is the most valid existing measure of In-Group Preference? C.What is the relationship between an index of Need for Structure and an index of prejudice targeting attitudes about Asian Americans among the selected social workers? D.Which analytic technique is best suited to addressing the research problem, multiple regression or path analysis? Question 21 of 50 3.0/ 3.0 Points Which of the following represents a null hypothesis? A.Class A high school basketball teams who employ a sports psychologist will have a higher proportion of wins over the course of the season than comparable teams who do not employ a sports psychologist. B.There will be no difference in rate of skill improvement between college gymnasts who practice meditation and those who do not. C.Does incorporating relaxation exercises into the daily practice routine of college vocal majors enhance their performance confidence? D.None of the above Question 22 of 50 3.0/ 3.0 Points Which of the following represents a research hypothesis? A.Class A high school basketball teams who employ a sports psychologist will have a higher proportion of wins over the course of the season than comparable teams who do not employ a sports psychologist. B.There will be no difference in rate of skill improvement between college gymnasts who practice meditation and those who do not. C.Does incorporating relaxation exercises into the daily practice routine of college vocal majors enhance their performance confidence? D.None of the above Question 23 of 50 3.0/ 3.0 Points The recommended order of tasks in preparing a research proposal is: A.state the problem and subproblems, note the assumptions, note the delimitations, define the terms, note the research questions/hypotheses. B.state the problem and subproblems, note the delimitations, note the research questions/hypotheses, note the assumptions, define the terms. C.state the problem and subproblems, note the research questions/hypotheses, note the assumptions, define the terms, note the delimitations. D.state the problem and subproblems, note the research questions/hypotheses, note the delimitations, define the terms, note the assumptions. Question 24 of 50 3.0/ 3.0 Points If an important recent research article that you want to include in your literature review is not owned by your library, you might: A.cite it anyway for the benefit of the reader B.obtain it by asking the library to recall the reference C.obtain it through an online document delivery service D.decide to make do without it. Question 25 of 50 3.0/ 3.0 Points If an important book that you want to include in your literature review is not owned by your library, your best move would probably be to: A.obtain it through interlibrary loan B.obtain it by asking the library to recall the reference C.obtain it through an online document delivery service D.cite it anyway for the benefit of the reader Question 26 of 50 3.0/ 3.0 Points When considering general criteria for high-quality research projects, universality refers to the fact that: A.the research design allows the researcher to control those factors that are central to the success of the project. B.another researcher in the same field, using the same procedures under the same circumstances to research the same question, would obtain comparable results. C.a well-designed research project could be carried out by any competent researcher; it does not rely on a specific individual. D.the phenomena of interest must be quantified in some systematic way. Question 27 of 50 3.0/ 3.0 Points When considering general criteria for high-quality research projects, replicability refers to the fact that: A.the research design allows the researcher to control those factors that are central to the success of the project. B.another researcher, using the same procedures under the same circumstances to research the same question, would obtain comparable results. C.a well-designed research project could be carried out by a specific individual conducting research in the same field. D.the phenomena of interest must be quantified in some systematic way. Question 28 of 50 3.0/ 3.0 Points Charlotte, an anthropologist, has been living in an Incan village for three years. During that time Charlotte has become expert in Incan weaving by observing and imitating the master weavers in the community. For Charlotte, observing weaving constitutes: A.primary data B.secondary data C.informal data D.nonempirical data Question 29 of 50 3.0/ 3.0 Points Charlotte wrote a book about her experience as an anthropologist living in an Incan village for three years and becoming an expert weaver. Her book was widely read by other anthropologists, including Mira, who is an expert in Navaho weaving. For Mira, Charlotte’s book constitutes: A.hearsay data B.secondary data C.informal data D.primary data Question 30 of 50 3.0/ 3.0 Points Sean, a high school wrestler, has agreed to participate in a study of cardiovascular conditioning. He is left somewhat confused when, at the first research session, he is asked to complete a questionnaire about commonly purchased grocery items. Sean’s confusion indicates a lack of ______ regarding the task. A.construct validity B.content validity C.criterion validity D.face validity Question 31 of 50 3.0/ 3.0 Points A researcher decides to use a high school sample to test the relationship between her new measure of empathy and a well-established measure of interpersonal sensitivity. She finds that the two instruments are highly related, which supports the ______ of the new instrument. A.predictive validity B.content validity C.criterion validity D.face validity Question 32 of 50 3.0/ 3.0 Points A researcher designed a new questionnaire to measure political conservatism. To test out his new instrument, he asks people leaving their polling place on election day to report their degree of political conservatism on a scale of 1 (low) to 10 (high) and then complete his questionnaire. Results show that people who identified themselves as political conservatives also had the highest scores on his questionnaire. This is an indication of the ______ of the new instrument. A.criterion validity B.content validity C.face validity D.predictive validity Question 33 of 50 3.0/ 3.0 Points Don and Jane are studying aggression among preschool children. Separately, they each watch a videotape of four children interacting in a playroom and then rate each child on the level of aggression displayed during the play session. They compare their completed ratings and are pleased to note they are highly similar. This is an example of ______ reliability. A.interrater B.internal consistency C.equivalent form D.test-retest Question 34 of 50 3.0/ 3.0 Points Dr. Stevens is testing a 10-question measure of achievement motivation. He notes that if his respondents agree with the first question, they tend to also agree with the other nine. Likewise, if his respondents disagree with the first question, they tend of disagree with the other nine. This is an indication of good ______ reliability. A.interrater B.internal consistency C.equivalent form D.test-retest Question 35 of 50 3.0/ 3.0 Points Professor Page is studying civic-mindedness among senior citizens. She administers a survey of civic mindedness to a senior citizens group in early April, then again in early May. By comparing the two sets of scores, the professor can assess the ______ reliability of her measure of civic-mindedness. A.interrater B.internal consistency C.equivalent form D.test-retest Question 36 of 50 3.0/ 3.0 Points Dr. Davenport wants to conduct a study of whether high school students learn more efficiently while seated at a desk compared to in an easy chair. Participants will be seniors in local high school history classes. She hopes to publish her findings in the History Teacher Quarterly. Does Dr. Davenport need internal review board (IRB) approval for this study? A.Yes B.No C.Only if the study is accepted for publication Question 37 of 50 3.0/ 3.0 Points Dr. Davenport wants to conduct a study of whether high school students learn more efficiently while seated at a desk compared to in an easy chair. She knows there is a large research literature regarding similar influences on learning, and she wants to see if the findings hold true with a group of high school history students. Moreover, as a researcher she is uneasy with a lack of structure. You recommend that Dr. Davenport conduct a ______ study. A.quantitative B.qualitative Question 38 of 50 3.0/ 3.0 Points Dr. Greenhill wants to know how it is that some early adolescents come to make a connection between their personal lifestyle and environmental problems, while others don’t. Furthermore, among those who see the connection, why do some become committed to environmentalism while others do not? Dr. Greenwald looks forward to probing the thoughts of young teens on these issues and trying to see the questions and issues through “14-year-old eyes.” You recommend that Dr. Greenhill conduct a ______ study. A.quantitative B.qualitative Question 39 of 50 3.0/ 3.0 Points The research proposal is best thought of as: A.a general and flexible outline of how the research problem is to be investigated. B.“Plan A,” with the expectation that “Plan B” or even “Plan C” will become necessary as the study unfolds. C.a detailed and firm contract between the researcher and others who are involved in the research project (participants, supervisors, funding agencies, etc.) D.a document that is written for others (internal review boards, funding agencies) and is of little value to the researcher. Question 40 of 50 3.0/ 3.0 Points When explaining how the data are to be analyzed and interpreted: A.it is best to provide only a general plan as things will probably change over the course of the study anyway. B.it is best to be as detailed as possible so all contingencies related to analysis and interpretation can be anticipated. C.it is impossible to be highly detailed until one has the actual data in hand. D.an overly specific plan may bias the analyses or interpretation, impairing the validity of the study. Question 41 of 50 3.0/ 3.0 Points Three of the following are elements in the proposal revision process. Which one is NOT? A.Reconsider the feasibility of what you are proposing to do. B.Carefully assess the logic and organization of the information in the document. C.Avoid breaks of 24 hours or more as the material will get too “cold” in your mind. D.Seek feedback from knowledgeable others. Question 42 of 50 3.0/ 3.0 Points In regard to the style you will use for headings and subheadings in the research proposal: A.there are no special formatting requirements unless the document is a thesis or dissertation. B.all disciplines recognize the major formal styles, so it is a matter of personal choice. C.the writer is free to show creativity as long as s/he is consistent throughout the document. D.disciplines often dictate the use of specific formal styles, so you must find out what the expectations are. Question 43 of 50 3.0/ 3.0 Points In ______ research proposal(s), specific hypotheses regarding findings are often stated. A.both quantitative and qualitative B.neither quantitative and qualitative C.a quantitative D.a qualitative Question 44 of 50 3.0/ 3.0 Points In ______ research proposal(s), a specific plan for how the data will be handled is clearly laid out in the document. A.both quantitative and qualitative B.neither quantitative and qualitative C.a quantitative D.a qualitative Question 45 of 50 3.0/ 3.0 Points In ______ research proposal(s), a specific research problem is clearly stated at the outset of the proposal. A.both qualitative and quantitative B.neither qualitative and quantitative C.a qualitative D.a quantitative Question 46 of 50 3.0/ 3.0 Points In ______ research proposal(s), the review of literature comes late in the document in conjunction with interpretation of data. A.both qualitative and quantitative B.neither qualitative and quantitative C.a quantitative D.a qualitative Question 47 of 50 3.0/ 3.0 Points A good research plan, according to your text, includes: A.specific procedures and data sources, but does not lock the researcher into an analysis plan. B. initial procedures and key data sources, but is also open to modification as the project progresses. C.a specific plan regarding data sources and analyses, although information regarding the specific research sample is best left open. D.includes specific sampling plan, procedures, data sources, and analysis plan. Question 48 of 50 3.0/ 3.0 Points The requirement to keep information provided by research participants confidential applies: A.to legal minors (children under the age of 18), but not adults. B. only in cases where it is specifically requested by the participant. C.to all persons under almost all conditions. D.only in cases where participants divulge information that is potentially illegal. Question 49 of 50 3.0/ 3.0 Points The altering of data is allowable: A.when it is clear that the participant marked a response in error. B.when the researcher suspects a participant of being careless. C.when the researcher suspects a participant of misunderstanding the question. D.under no circumstances. Question 50 of 50 3.0/ 3.0 Points When writing the proposal, you should assume that the reader: A.will know which data analytic techniques are appropriate for your study without a detailed explanation. B.is an expert in the area you are addressing and will be familiar with common issues, variables, instruments. C.can discern for him/herself what the importance of the study is. D.knows nothing about the proposed project, so all the details must be thoroughly explained.