UNH biology 412 exam 1 Questions Answered Correctly Latest Version () Already Passed

UNH biology 412 exam 1 Questions Answered Correctly Latest Version () Already Passed Eukaryotic cells - Answers have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles prokaryotic cell - Answers cell that does not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles. Gene - Answers a unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring. gene expression - Answers process by which a gene produces its product and the product carries out its function Entropy - Answers A measure of disorder or randomness Hypothesis - Answers A testable prediction, often implied by a theory experiment - Answers a set of controlled observations that test the hypothesis controlled experiment - Answers compares an experimental group with a control group Variable - Answers A factor that can change in an experiment independent variable - Answers The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied. dependent variable - Answers The measurable effect, outcome, or response in which the research is interested. subatomic particles - Answers protons, neutrons, electrons types of bonds - Answers covalent, ionic, hydrogen covalent bond - Answers A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule Molecule - Answers two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds Electronegativity - Answers a measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons nonpolar covalent bond - Answers a covalent bond in which the electrons are shared equally by the two atoms polar covalent bond - Answers A covalent bond in which electrons are not shared equally ionic bond - Answers Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another polar molecule - Answers A molecule that has electrically charged areas. hydrogen bond - Answers weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom acidic solution - Answers contains more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions, pH <7 basic solution - Answers a solution whose pH is greater than 7 organic compounds - Answers contain carbon Macromolecules - Answers A very large organic molecule composed of many smaller molecules dehydration reaction - Answers A chemical reaction in which molecules combine by removing water hydrolosis reaction - Answers Water is added to molecule to separate polymers (many pieces) into monomers (one piece) enzymes - Answers Proteins that speed up chemical reactions Monosaccharides - Answers Single sugar molecules (glucose) Lipids - Answers fats, nonpolar, hydrophobic, phosolipids, and steroids Phosopholipids - Answers two fatty acids and a phosphate group are attached to glycerol Proteins account for more than __% of the dry mass of most cells - Answers 50 protein functions - Answers structural support, storage, transport, cellular communications, movement, and defense against foreign substances the Sugar in DNA - Answers deoxyribose The sugar in RNA - Answers DNA forms a - Answers double helix 4 bases of DNA - Answers Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine Adenine bonds to - Answers Thymine Guanine bonds to - Answers Cytosine base pairing - Answers principle that bonds in DNA can form only between adenine and thymine and between guanine and cytosine fluid mosaic model - Answers model that describes the arrangement and movement of the molecules that make up a cell membrane Six major functions of membrane proteins - Answers 1. Transport 2. Enzymatic activity 3. Signal transduction 4. Cell-cell recognition 5. Intercellular joining 6. Attachment to the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix (ECM) Diffusion - Answers Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. concentration gradient - Answers A difference in the concentration of a substance across a distance. passive transport - Answers the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell active transport - Answers Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference Co-transport - Answers The transport of one substance coupled with the transport of another substance across a plasma membrane in the same direction through the same protein carrier.