Chapter Two: The Body as a Whole
A zygote is a single, fertilized cell
Nucleus: largest organelle of the cell
Structure and Function of Cells:
o Manufacture proteins and lipids
o Produces and uses energy
o Communicates with other cells
o Replicates DNA
o Reproduces itself
DNA & Genes:
o Nucleus contains 46 molecules of DNA (23 pairs)
o Chromatin: uncondensed DNA
o Chromosome: condensed chromatin + histone proteins
o DNA forms a double helix
o Genes are hereditary material on chromosomes
o Cells replicate through a process called mitosis
o Mutations alter the nucleotide sequence of the genome
o Karyotype: the general appearance of the complete set
of chromosomes in the cells of a species
Organ Systems
o Integumentary
o Skeletal
o Muscular
o Nervous
o Endocrine
o Cardiovascular
o Lymphatic
o Digestive
o Respiratory
A zygote is a single, fertilized cell
Nucleus: largest organelle of the cell
Structure and Function of Cells:
o Manufacture proteins and lipids
o Produces and uses energy
o Communicates with other cells
o Replicates DNA
o Reproduces itself
DNA & Genes:
o Nucleus contains 46 molecules of DNA (23 pairs)
o Chromatin: uncondensed DNA
o Chromosome: condensed chromatin + histone proteins
o DNA forms a double helix
o Genes are hereditary material on chromosomes
o Cells replicate through a process called mitosis
o Mutations alter the nucleotide sequence of the genome
o Karyotype: the general appearance of the complete set
of chromosomes in the cells of a species
Organ Systems
o Integumentary
o Skeletal
o Muscular
o Nervous
o Endocrine
o Cardiovascular
o Lymphatic
o Digestive
o Respiratory
