CAPS 391 Final Exam Questions with
complete solutions (2024-2025)
This jdisorder jis jalso jreferred jto jas jbeing j"tongue jtied"... jwhat jis jit jcalled jand
jwhat jcauses jit? j- jANS✓✓-Ankyloglossia j- jcaused jby ja jshort jfrenulum jwhich
jstops jtongue jfrom jprotruding. jIt jcan jcause jdifficulty jbreast-feeding jin jinfants.
General jsensation j(touch, jpressure, jtemperature) jon jthe jposterior j1/3rd jof jthe
jtongue jis jinnervated jby... j- jANS✓✓-CN j9 j- jglossopharyngeal
General jsensation j(touch, jpressure, jtemperature) jon jthe janterior j2/3rds jof jthe
jtongue jis jinnervated jby... j- jANS✓✓-CN j5 j- jtrigeminal j(V3)
Which jnerve jcontrols jtaste jon jthe janterior j2/3rds jof jtongue? j- jANS✓✓-CN j7 j-
jfacial
Which jnerve jcontrols jtaste jon jthe jposterior j1/3rd jof jtongue? j- jANS✓✓-CN j9 j-
jglossopharangeal
Motor jcontrol jof jthe jtongue? j(Both janterior jand jposterior) j- jANS✓✓-CN j12 j-
jhypoglossal
Peritoneal jdialysis jworks jon jwhich jorgan? j- jANS✓✓-Kidneys j(retroperitoneal),
jby jcausing jhigh jconcentration jof jtoxins jto jdiffuse jinto jthe jliquid jand jout jof jthe
jkidneys.
The jsuperior jand jinferior jmediastina jare jdivided jby jan jimaginary jline jthat
jpasses jthrough... j- jANS✓✓-the jsternal jangle jand jT4-T5
The jmiddle jmediastinum jcontains j- jANS✓✓-heart, jpericardium jand jmain
jbronchi
The jsuperior jmediastinum jcontains j- jANS✓✓-arch jof jaorta jand jit's jbranches
The janterior j(FRONT) jmediastinum jcontains j- jANS✓✓-thymus jgland
,The jposterior jmediastinum jcontains j- jANS✓✓-splanchnic jnerves, jsympathetic
jchain, jdescending jaorta
Azygus jand jhemiazygus jveins jare jcontained jin jthe j______ jmediastinum j- jANS
✓✓-the jposterior jmediastinum
The jvagus jnerves jare jcontained jwithin jthe j______ jmediastina j- jANS✓✓-
posterior jand jsuperior
The jphrenic jnerves jare jcontained jwithin jthe j_________ jmediastina j- jANS✓✓-
middle jand jsuperior jmediastina
The jright jventricle jis jresponsible jfor j_______ jcirculation, jwhile jthe jleft jventricle
jis jresponsible jfor j________ jcirculation. j- jANS✓✓-Right j= jpulmonary, jleft j=
jsystemic
Deoxygenated jblood jenters j______ jand jflows jthrough j_______ jto j______, jand
jthen jthrough j________ jto j_________. j- jANS✓✓-deoxygenated jblood jenters
jright jatrium j-> jright jventricle j-> jlungs j-> joxygenated jblood jenters jleft jatrium j->
jleft jventricle j-> jaorta j-> jbody
What jare jthe j3 jmain jsulci jon jthe jheart? j- jANS✓✓-1. jCoronary jsulcus
2. jAnterior jInterventricular jSulci
3. jPosterior jInterventricular jSulci
The jcoronary jsulcus jseparates... j- jANS✓✓-separates jatria jfrom jventricles, jand
jencircles jheart
Where jis jthe jpectinate jmuscle jfound? j- jANS✓✓-In jthe jR. jatrium jand jR. jauricle,
jor jin jL. jauricle jONLY j- jnot jL. jatrium j(weird jserrated jmuscle jon jside jof jatrium)
Where jis jthe jfossa jovalis? j- jANS✓✓-between jright jand jleft jatria
Function jof jthe jtricuspid jvalve? j- jANS✓✓-connects jright jatrium jto jright
jventricle jvia jAV jopening. jAlso jcalled jR. jAV jvalve
Heart jmurmurs jcan jbe jheard jwhen ja jpatient jis jsuffering jfrom j______, jwhich
jhappens jas ja jresult jof j________. j- jANS✓✓-Patent jfossa jovalis j- jwhen jforamen
joval jdoesn't jclose jafter jbirth jas jit jshould
Trabeculae jcarnae jcan jbe jfound... j- jANS✓✓-in jthe jventricles j(muscular jridges)
Papillary jmuscles jarise jfrom j_____ jand jinsert jinto j_____ j- jANS✓✓-ventricle,
jchorda jtendinae
,Pulmonary jvalve jis jin... j- jANS✓✓-Right jventricle, jprevents jbackflow
The jbicuspid/mitral jvalve jis jlocated jwhere? j- jANS✓✓-between jleft jatrium jand
jleft jventricle j- jin jAV jopening. jAlso jcalled jL. jAV jvalve
The jthickest jheart jchamber jis... j- jANS✓✓-the jLEFT jventricle
The jaortic jvalve jis jlocated jwhere? j- jANS✓✓-In jthe jsuperior jleft jventricle
The j_____ jpericardium jsurrounds jheart jand jattaches jto jcentral jtendon jof
jdiaphragm jand jgreat jvessels jof jheart j- jANS✓✓-fibrous
The j______ jpericardium jhas j2 jlayers j- jparietal jand jvisceral j(epicardial) j- jANS✓
✓-Serous
The jepicardium jis jthe j___ jlayer jof jpericardium. j- jANS✓✓-Serous, jvisceral
The jvisceral jpericardium jis jinnervated jby j- jANS✓✓-Vagus jnerve j(CN j10) jand
jsympathetic
The jfibrous jand jparietal jlayers jof jpericardium jare jinnervated jby... j- jANS✓✓-
phrenic jnerve jbranches
The jsinuatrial jnode j(SA jnode jor jpacemaker) jis jlocated j- jANS✓✓-in jthe jright
jatrium jnear jsuperior jvena jcava jopening
The jAV jnode jis jlocated j- jANS✓✓-on jthe jright jside jof jthe jinteratrial jseptum,
jclose jto jopening jof jcoronary jsinus
The jAV jbundle jis jalso jreferred jto jas... j- jANS✓✓-the jbundle jof jHis
The jBundle jof jhis j(or jAV jbundle) jgives jrise jto... j- jANS✓✓-Purkinje jfibres
The jBundle jof jHis j(or jAV jbundle) jdistributes jPurkinje jfibres jto... j- jANS✓✓-both
jventricle jwalls, jafter jentering jinterventricular jseptum
The jconducting jsystem jof jthe jheart jconsists jof jthese jthree jparts.. j- jANS✓✓-1.
jSA jnode
2. jAV jnode
3. jBundle jof jHis j(AV jbundle)
The j___ jgenerates ja jcontraction jof jatrial jwalls j- jANS✓✓-SA jnode
, The j___ jpasses jimpulse jto jthe jventricular jwalls j- jANS✓✓-AV jbundle j(bundle
jof jhis)
The j____ jlead jto jventricular jcontraction jby jdepolarizing jcontractile jcells j- jANS
✓✓-Purkinje jfibres jof jthe jBundle jof jHis
The jheart jbeat jis jregulated jby j(nerves) j_____, j_____ jand j______, jwhich junite jto
jform jthe j_____ jplexus. j- jANS✓✓-Sympathetic j= jcervical j& jthoracic
jsympathetic jganglia
Parasympathetic j= jVagus jnerve j(CN j10)
These junite jto jform jthe jCARDIAC jplexus
Sympathetic jnerves j___ jheart jrate jand jforce jcontraction, jwhile jparasympathetic
jnerves j___ jHR. j- jANS✓✓-Increase, jdecrease
The jheart jis jsupplied jby j____ jarteries j- jANS✓✓-L jand jR jcoronary jarteries
The jR jcoronary jartery jsupplies j_____, jand jgives jrise jto... j- jANS✓✓-supplies
jright jatrium jand jventricle, jgives jrise jto jthe jposterior jinterventricular jartery
j(supplies jboth jventricles)
The jL jcoronary jartery jgives jrise jto j___ jand j___, jwhich jsupply... j- jANS✓✓-1.
jAnterior jinterventricular jartery j- jboth jventricles
2. jCircumflex jartery j- jleft jventricle j(follows jcoronary jsulcus jto jL. jside)
The jgreat, jmiddle jand jsmall jcardiac jveins jfollow jwhich jsulci? j(3 janswers) j-
jANS✓✓-great j= janterior jIV jsulcus
middle j= jposterior jIV jsulcus
small j= jcoronary jsulcus
which jveins jdrain jinto jthe jcoronary jsinus? j- jANS✓✓-Great, jmiddle jand jsmall
jcardiac jveins
The jcoronary jarteries jarise jfrom.. j- jANS✓✓-the jascending jaorta
What jis jthe jfunction jof jthe jpulmonary jtrunk? jWhich jventricle jdoes jit jarise
jfrom? j- jANS✓✓-Brings jdeoxygenated jblood jto jlungs j- jarises jfrom jR. jventricle
The jaorta jterminates jat jthe jlevel jof jwhich jvertebra? j(Hint: jthis jis jwhere jit
jdivides jinto jR jand jL jcommon jiliac jarteries) j- jANS✓✓-L4-5
What jare jthe j3 jbranches jof jthe jarch jof jthe jaorta? j- jANS✓✓-1. jBrachiocephalic
jtrunk
2. jLeft jcommon jcarotid jartery
complete solutions (2024-2025)
This jdisorder jis jalso jreferred jto jas jbeing j"tongue jtied"... jwhat jis jit jcalled jand
jwhat jcauses jit? j- jANS✓✓-Ankyloglossia j- jcaused jby ja jshort jfrenulum jwhich
jstops jtongue jfrom jprotruding. jIt jcan jcause jdifficulty jbreast-feeding jin jinfants.
General jsensation j(touch, jpressure, jtemperature) jon jthe jposterior j1/3rd jof jthe
jtongue jis jinnervated jby... j- jANS✓✓-CN j9 j- jglossopharyngeal
General jsensation j(touch, jpressure, jtemperature) jon jthe janterior j2/3rds jof jthe
jtongue jis jinnervated jby... j- jANS✓✓-CN j5 j- jtrigeminal j(V3)
Which jnerve jcontrols jtaste jon jthe janterior j2/3rds jof jtongue? j- jANS✓✓-CN j7 j-
jfacial
Which jnerve jcontrols jtaste jon jthe jposterior j1/3rd jof jtongue? j- jANS✓✓-CN j9 j-
jglossopharangeal
Motor jcontrol jof jthe jtongue? j(Both janterior jand jposterior) j- jANS✓✓-CN j12 j-
jhypoglossal
Peritoneal jdialysis jworks jon jwhich jorgan? j- jANS✓✓-Kidneys j(retroperitoneal),
jby jcausing jhigh jconcentration jof jtoxins jto jdiffuse jinto jthe jliquid jand jout jof jthe
jkidneys.
The jsuperior jand jinferior jmediastina jare jdivided jby jan jimaginary jline jthat
jpasses jthrough... j- jANS✓✓-the jsternal jangle jand jT4-T5
The jmiddle jmediastinum jcontains j- jANS✓✓-heart, jpericardium jand jmain
jbronchi
The jsuperior jmediastinum jcontains j- jANS✓✓-arch jof jaorta jand jit's jbranches
The janterior j(FRONT) jmediastinum jcontains j- jANS✓✓-thymus jgland
,The jposterior jmediastinum jcontains j- jANS✓✓-splanchnic jnerves, jsympathetic
jchain, jdescending jaorta
Azygus jand jhemiazygus jveins jare jcontained jin jthe j______ jmediastinum j- jANS
✓✓-the jposterior jmediastinum
The jvagus jnerves jare jcontained jwithin jthe j______ jmediastina j- jANS✓✓-
posterior jand jsuperior
The jphrenic jnerves jare jcontained jwithin jthe j_________ jmediastina j- jANS✓✓-
middle jand jsuperior jmediastina
The jright jventricle jis jresponsible jfor j_______ jcirculation, jwhile jthe jleft jventricle
jis jresponsible jfor j________ jcirculation. j- jANS✓✓-Right j= jpulmonary, jleft j=
jsystemic
Deoxygenated jblood jenters j______ jand jflows jthrough j_______ jto j______, jand
jthen jthrough j________ jto j_________. j- jANS✓✓-deoxygenated jblood jenters
jright jatrium j-> jright jventricle j-> jlungs j-> joxygenated jblood jenters jleft jatrium j->
jleft jventricle j-> jaorta j-> jbody
What jare jthe j3 jmain jsulci jon jthe jheart? j- jANS✓✓-1. jCoronary jsulcus
2. jAnterior jInterventricular jSulci
3. jPosterior jInterventricular jSulci
The jcoronary jsulcus jseparates... j- jANS✓✓-separates jatria jfrom jventricles, jand
jencircles jheart
Where jis jthe jpectinate jmuscle jfound? j- jANS✓✓-In jthe jR. jatrium jand jR. jauricle,
jor jin jL. jauricle jONLY j- jnot jL. jatrium j(weird jserrated jmuscle jon jside jof jatrium)
Where jis jthe jfossa jovalis? j- jANS✓✓-between jright jand jleft jatria
Function jof jthe jtricuspid jvalve? j- jANS✓✓-connects jright jatrium jto jright
jventricle jvia jAV jopening. jAlso jcalled jR. jAV jvalve
Heart jmurmurs jcan jbe jheard jwhen ja jpatient jis jsuffering jfrom j______, jwhich
jhappens jas ja jresult jof j________. j- jANS✓✓-Patent jfossa jovalis j- jwhen jforamen
joval jdoesn't jclose jafter jbirth jas jit jshould
Trabeculae jcarnae jcan jbe jfound... j- jANS✓✓-in jthe jventricles j(muscular jridges)
Papillary jmuscles jarise jfrom j_____ jand jinsert jinto j_____ j- jANS✓✓-ventricle,
jchorda jtendinae
,Pulmonary jvalve jis jin... j- jANS✓✓-Right jventricle, jprevents jbackflow
The jbicuspid/mitral jvalve jis jlocated jwhere? j- jANS✓✓-between jleft jatrium jand
jleft jventricle j- jin jAV jopening. jAlso jcalled jL. jAV jvalve
The jthickest jheart jchamber jis... j- jANS✓✓-the jLEFT jventricle
The jaortic jvalve jis jlocated jwhere? j- jANS✓✓-In jthe jsuperior jleft jventricle
The j_____ jpericardium jsurrounds jheart jand jattaches jto jcentral jtendon jof
jdiaphragm jand jgreat jvessels jof jheart j- jANS✓✓-fibrous
The j______ jpericardium jhas j2 jlayers j- jparietal jand jvisceral j(epicardial) j- jANS✓
✓-Serous
The jepicardium jis jthe j___ jlayer jof jpericardium. j- jANS✓✓-Serous, jvisceral
The jvisceral jpericardium jis jinnervated jby j- jANS✓✓-Vagus jnerve j(CN j10) jand
jsympathetic
The jfibrous jand jparietal jlayers jof jpericardium jare jinnervated jby... j- jANS✓✓-
phrenic jnerve jbranches
The jsinuatrial jnode j(SA jnode jor jpacemaker) jis jlocated j- jANS✓✓-in jthe jright
jatrium jnear jsuperior jvena jcava jopening
The jAV jnode jis jlocated j- jANS✓✓-on jthe jright jside jof jthe jinteratrial jseptum,
jclose jto jopening jof jcoronary jsinus
The jAV jbundle jis jalso jreferred jto jas... j- jANS✓✓-the jbundle jof jHis
The jBundle jof jhis j(or jAV jbundle) jgives jrise jto... j- jANS✓✓-Purkinje jfibres
The jBundle jof jHis j(or jAV jbundle) jdistributes jPurkinje jfibres jto... j- jANS✓✓-both
jventricle jwalls, jafter jentering jinterventricular jseptum
The jconducting jsystem jof jthe jheart jconsists jof jthese jthree jparts.. j- jANS✓✓-1.
jSA jnode
2. jAV jnode
3. jBundle jof jHis j(AV jbundle)
The j___ jgenerates ja jcontraction jof jatrial jwalls j- jANS✓✓-SA jnode
, The j___ jpasses jimpulse jto jthe jventricular jwalls j- jANS✓✓-AV jbundle j(bundle
jof jhis)
The j____ jlead jto jventricular jcontraction jby jdepolarizing jcontractile jcells j- jANS
✓✓-Purkinje jfibres jof jthe jBundle jof jHis
The jheart jbeat jis jregulated jby j(nerves) j_____, j_____ jand j______, jwhich junite jto
jform jthe j_____ jplexus. j- jANS✓✓-Sympathetic j= jcervical j& jthoracic
jsympathetic jganglia
Parasympathetic j= jVagus jnerve j(CN j10)
These junite jto jform jthe jCARDIAC jplexus
Sympathetic jnerves j___ jheart jrate jand jforce jcontraction, jwhile jparasympathetic
jnerves j___ jHR. j- jANS✓✓-Increase, jdecrease
The jheart jis jsupplied jby j____ jarteries j- jANS✓✓-L jand jR jcoronary jarteries
The jR jcoronary jartery jsupplies j_____, jand jgives jrise jto... j- jANS✓✓-supplies
jright jatrium jand jventricle, jgives jrise jto jthe jposterior jinterventricular jartery
j(supplies jboth jventricles)
The jL jcoronary jartery jgives jrise jto j___ jand j___, jwhich jsupply... j- jANS✓✓-1.
jAnterior jinterventricular jartery j- jboth jventricles
2. jCircumflex jartery j- jleft jventricle j(follows jcoronary jsulcus jto jL. jside)
The jgreat, jmiddle jand jsmall jcardiac jveins jfollow jwhich jsulci? j(3 janswers) j-
jANS✓✓-great j= janterior jIV jsulcus
middle j= jposterior jIV jsulcus
small j= jcoronary jsulcus
which jveins jdrain jinto jthe jcoronary jsinus? j- jANS✓✓-Great, jmiddle jand jsmall
jcardiac jveins
The jcoronary jarteries jarise jfrom.. j- jANS✓✓-the jascending jaorta
What jis jthe jfunction jof jthe jpulmonary jtrunk? jWhich jventricle jdoes jit jarise
jfrom? j- jANS✓✓-Brings jdeoxygenated jblood jto jlungs j- jarises jfrom jR. jventricle
The jaorta jterminates jat jthe jlevel jof jwhich jvertebra? j(Hint: jthis jis jwhere jit
jdivides jinto jR jand jL jcommon jiliac jarteries) j- jANS✓✓-L4-5
What jare jthe j3 jbranches jof jthe jarch jof jthe jaorta? j- jANS✓✓-1. jBrachiocephalic
jtrunk
2. jLeft jcommon jcarotid jartery
