FOS Final Exam Questions with 100%
Correct Answers 100% Solved
Complementary - ✔✔taken in conjunction w/ standard (allopathic) medical
treatments
Alternative - ✔✔taken instead of standard medical treatments
Control Group - ✔✔ability to manipulate (or hold constant) the factors
(variables) that might affect the outcome of the experiment
Experimental Group - ✔✔receive the treatment
Placebo Group - ✔✔treated the same as experimental group but given a
placebo
Independent variable - ✔✔variable that is deliberately manipulated by the
experimenter
Dependent variable - ✔✔variable that is affected by the changes in the
independent variable
Confounding variable - ✔✔any other factor that might affect the dependent
variable other than the independent variable
1
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
, Placebo effect - ✔✔Members of placebo group experience the beneficial
effects that should only be due to the active ingredient
Example of Expectation Bias
Double blind study - ✔✔both subjects and experimenter does NOT know
which group they are in
Single blind study - ✔✔Only researcher knows the participants group
Epidemiological study - ✔✔Correlational study
Used when it is unethical to have a control/ experiment group
Signs of a Pseudoscience - ✔✔1) Discoverer pitches the claim directly to
the media rather than going through a peer review & publication process
2) Discoverer says that a powerful establishment is trying to suppress his/
her work
3) Evidence for a discovery is anecdotal (testimonials)
4) Discoverer says a belief is credible because it has endured for centuries
(**argument from tradition**)
5) Discoverer has worked only in isolation ( most scientific research in
medicine is done by teams)
6) Discoverer must propose new (undiscovered & unproven) laws of nature
to explain an observation
2
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
Correct Answers 100% Solved
Complementary - ✔✔taken in conjunction w/ standard (allopathic) medical
treatments
Alternative - ✔✔taken instead of standard medical treatments
Control Group - ✔✔ability to manipulate (or hold constant) the factors
(variables) that might affect the outcome of the experiment
Experimental Group - ✔✔receive the treatment
Placebo Group - ✔✔treated the same as experimental group but given a
placebo
Independent variable - ✔✔variable that is deliberately manipulated by the
experimenter
Dependent variable - ✔✔variable that is affected by the changes in the
independent variable
Confounding variable - ✔✔any other factor that might affect the dependent
variable other than the independent variable
1
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
, Placebo effect - ✔✔Members of placebo group experience the beneficial
effects that should only be due to the active ingredient
Example of Expectation Bias
Double blind study - ✔✔both subjects and experimenter does NOT know
which group they are in
Single blind study - ✔✔Only researcher knows the participants group
Epidemiological study - ✔✔Correlational study
Used when it is unethical to have a control/ experiment group
Signs of a Pseudoscience - ✔✔1) Discoverer pitches the claim directly to
the media rather than going through a peer review & publication process
2) Discoverer says that a powerful establishment is trying to suppress his/
her work
3) Evidence for a discovery is anecdotal (testimonials)
4) Discoverer says a belief is credible because it has endured for centuries
(**argument from tradition**)
5) Discoverer has worked only in isolation ( most scientific research in
medicine is done by teams)
6) Discoverer must propose new (undiscovered & unproven) laws of nature
to explain an observation
2
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
