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SPHU 1020 Exam 3 Study Guide.
Definition of medical microbiology (3) - Answers✔study of disease causing organisms; host
response to infection; diagnosis, treatment, prevention of microbial diseases
agents (4) - Answers✔bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites
prokaryotes - Answers✔bacteria, rickettsia
eukaryokes - Answers✔fungi, parasites
types of parasites - Answers✔protozoa, helminths
neither prokaryote or eukaryote - Answers✔virus
rickettsia - Answers✔bacteria, behave like virus, obligate intracellular organism, grow inside
cells, can't replicate on own
obligate intracellular organism - Answers✔rickettsia
characteristics of viruses - Answers✔not a cell, intracellular, set of genes in protein coat, covered
by lipid membrane derived from host cell, nucleic acid either DNA or RNA, replicate using
cellular machinery
type of nucleic acid in viruses - Answers✔either DNA or RNA
viruses that infect bacteria - Answers✔bacteriophages
eukaryotic microbes (2) - Answers✔fungi and protozoa
what are protozoa - Answers✔single- celled parasites
characteristics of bacteria - Answers✔smallest living cells, some have plasmid
what is plasmid (bacteria) - Answers✔extrachromosomal, autonomous, self- replicating circular
pieces of DNA, transfer antibiotic resistance genes between strands of bacteria
staining with gram stain - Answers✔positive= purple (from thick pepditoglycan layer),
negative= pink
classification of bacteria (3) - Answers✔1. cocci, 2. bacilli, 3. spirochaetes
cocci shape - Answers✔spherical (ex: strep)
1
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bacilli shape - Answers✔rod shaped/ elongated
spirochaetes shape - Answers✔spiral/ coiled
bacteria- flagella - Answers✔long and colied, motility, can be antigenic
definition of antigenic - Answers✔host immune response triggered by antibodies
bacteria- fimbria/ pili - Answers✔thin and more common, adherence
bacteria- capsule - Answers✔made of polysaccharide, major virulence factor, poorly antigenic
bacteria- spores - Answers✔low metabolic state, can be vegetable in body
detecting microbes in lab (4) - Answers✔microscopy, culture, antibody detection by serology
(more common, less expensive), nucleic acid detection (PCR, DNA probes, most accurate)
inoculation period - Answers✔infection
incubation period - Answers✔no symptoms
prodromal period - Answers✔no specific symptoms
convalescence period - Answers✔symptoms fade
septicemia - Answers✔extreme response, bacteria in blood, body crashes
where are microbes found? (3) - Answers✔colonization (skin, GI/ respiratory tract), commensals
vs potential pathogens , infection vs disease
commensals vs potential pathogens - Answers✔in body and not harmful vs right environment for
bacteria and potential infection
definition of pathogen - Answers✔virus/ bacterium/ parasite/ fungus
reservoir - Answers✔place where pathogen lives and multiplies
mechanism of transmission - Answers✔how pathogen travels from 1 host to another, from
reservoir to host
susceptible host - Answers✔non-immune, partially immune
vector - Answers✔living, transfers disease to host
chain of infection (6) - Answers✔infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of
transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host
true or false: the only good bacterium is a dead bacterium - Answers✔false (concept of
colonization resistance)
2
SPHU 1020 Exam 3 Study Guide.
Definition of medical microbiology (3) - Answers✔study of disease causing organisms; host
response to infection; diagnosis, treatment, prevention of microbial diseases
agents (4) - Answers✔bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites
prokaryotes - Answers✔bacteria, rickettsia
eukaryokes - Answers✔fungi, parasites
types of parasites - Answers✔protozoa, helminths
neither prokaryote or eukaryote - Answers✔virus
rickettsia - Answers✔bacteria, behave like virus, obligate intracellular organism, grow inside
cells, can't replicate on own
obligate intracellular organism - Answers✔rickettsia
characteristics of viruses - Answers✔not a cell, intracellular, set of genes in protein coat, covered
by lipid membrane derived from host cell, nucleic acid either DNA or RNA, replicate using
cellular machinery
type of nucleic acid in viruses - Answers✔either DNA or RNA
viruses that infect bacteria - Answers✔bacteriophages
eukaryotic microbes (2) - Answers✔fungi and protozoa
what are protozoa - Answers✔single- celled parasites
characteristics of bacteria - Answers✔smallest living cells, some have plasmid
what is plasmid (bacteria) - Answers✔extrachromosomal, autonomous, self- replicating circular
pieces of DNA, transfer antibiotic resistance genes between strands of bacteria
staining with gram stain - Answers✔positive= purple (from thick pepditoglycan layer),
negative= pink
classification of bacteria (3) - Answers✔1. cocci, 2. bacilli, 3. spirochaetes
cocci shape - Answers✔spherical (ex: strep)
1
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bacilli shape - Answers✔rod shaped/ elongated
spirochaetes shape - Answers✔spiral/ coiled
bacteria- flagella - Answers✔long and colied, motility, can be antigenic
definition of antigenic - Answers✔host immune response triggered by antibodies
bacteria- fimbria/ pili - Answers✔thin and more common, adherence
bacteria- capsule - Answers✔made of polysaccharide, major virulence factor, poorly antigenic
bacteria- spores - Answers✔low metabolic state, can be vegetable in body
detecting microbes in lab (4) - Answers✔microscopy, culture, antibody detection by serology
(more common, less expensive), nucleic acid detection (PCR, DNA probes, most accurate)
inoculation period - Answers✔infection
incubation period - Answers✔no symptoms
prodromal period - Answers✔no specific symptoms
convalescence period - Answers✔symptoms fade
septicemia - Answers✔extreme response, bacteria in blood, body crashes
where are microbes found? (3) - Answers✔colonization (skin, GI/ respiratory tract), commensals
vs potential pathogens , infection vs disease
commensals vs potential pathogens - Answers✔in body and not harmful vs right environment for
bacteria and potential infection
definition of pathogen - Answers✔virus/ bacterium/ parasite/ fungus
reservoir - Answers✔place where pathogen lives and multiplies
mechanism of transmission - Answers✔how pathogen travels from 1 host to another, from
reservoir to host
susceptible host - Answers✔non-immune, partially immune
vector - Answers✔living, transfers disease to host
chain of infection (6) - Answers✔infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of
transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host
true or false: the only good bacterium is a dead bacterium - Answers✔false (concept of
colonization resistance)
2
