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SPHG 712 Exam 2 Questions And Answers
100% Verified.
What is an etiology study? - Answers✔Does X cause Y?
Casual Inference - Answers✔-Inductive/deductive reasoning
-Koch's postulates
-Bradford Hill guidelines
-Causal pies
-Counterfactuals
-Causal diagrams (DAGs (directed acyclic graphs)
What are the 3 questions to ask about exposure and outcome? - Answers✔- Exposure before
outcome?
-Outcome before exposure?
-Exposure and outcome at same time?
What are the two questions to ask about study designs? - Answers✔- When were exposure and
outcome measured?
-What was the unit of analysis?
What are the two outcomes for unit of analysis? - Answers✔Group level
Individual level
Case control study - Answers✔Cases leads to the exposure
Controls and looking at exposure
Compare the two
Do case control studies happen in the past, present or future - Answers✔Past
Retrospective cohort - Answers✔Exposure (+) then compare disease risk and rates
Exposure (-) then compare disease risk and rates
1
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Do retrospective cohort studies happen in the past, present or future - Answers✔Past
Prospective cohort study - Answers✔Exposure (+) then compare disease risk and rates
Exposure (-) then compare disease risk and rates
Do prospective cohort studies happen in the past, present, or future - Answers✔Future after start
of study
RCT, intervention studies - Answers✔Intervention (+) compare disease risk and rates
Intervention (-) compare disease risk and rates
Do RCT and intervention studies occur in the past, present, or future - Answers✔Future after
start of study
Cross sectional study - Answers✔Exposure (+/-) and Outcomes (+/-) measured at one point in
time
Cross sectional studies compare what - Answers✔risk
rates
odds
Definition of cohort - Answers✔Group of persons sharing a common characteristics
- location
-gender/sex
-age
-occupation
-economic status
Study example of a cohort study - Answers✔British Physicians Study
- cohort: male British physicians
-characteristics: occupation, geographic location, smoking status
-outcome of interest: mortality
T/F: you follow people over time in a cohort study - Answers✔True
Importance of cohort studies (over time) - Answers✔Can measure multiple time points over
multiple decades
Con of cohort studies - Answers✔-Expense of obtaining multiple examples
-time consuming
2
SPHG 712 Exam 2 Questions And Answers
100% Verified.
What is an etiology study? - Answers✔Does X cause Y?
Casual Inference - Answers✔-Inductive/deductive reasoning
-Koch's postulates
-Bradford Hill guidelines
-Causal pies
-Counterfactuals
-Causal diagrams (DAGs (directed acyclic graphs)
What are the 3 questions to ask about exposure and outcome? - Answers✔- Exposure before
outcome?
-Outcome before exposure?
-Exposure and outcome at same time?
What are the two questions to ask about study designs? - Answers✔- When were exposure and
outcome measured?
-What was the unit of analysis?
What are the two outcomes for unit of analysis? - Answers✔Group level
Individual level
Case control study - Answers✔Cases leads to the exposure
Controls and looking at exposure
Compare the two
Do case control studies happen in the past, present or future - Answers✔Past
Retrospective cohort - Answers✔Exposure (+) then compare disease risk and rates
Exposure (-) then compare disease risk and rates
1
, ©FYNDLAY.
Do retrospective cohort studies happen in the past, present or future - Answers✔Past
Prospective cohort study - Answers✔Exposure (+) then compare disease risk and rates
Exposure (-) then compare disease risk and rates
Do prospective cohort studies happen in the past, present, or future - Answers✔Future after start
of study
RCT, intervention studies - Answers✔Intervention (+) compare disease risk and rates
Intervention (-) compare disease risk and rates
Do RCT and intervention studies occur in the past, present, or future - Answers✔Future after
start of study
Cross sectional study - Answers✔Exposure (+/-) and Outcomes (+/-) measured at one point in
time
Cross sectional studies compare what - Answers✔risk
rates
odds
Definition of cohort - Answers✔Group of persons sharing a common characteristics
- location
-gender/sex
-age
-occupation
-economic status
Study example of a cohort study - Answers✔British Physicians Study
- cohort: male British physicians
-characteristics: occupation, geographic location, smoking status
-outcome of interest: mortality
T/F: you follow people over time in a cohort study - Answers✔True
Importance of cohort studies (over time) - Answers✔Can measure multiple time points over
multiple decades
Con of cohort studies - Answers✔-Expense of obtaining multiple examples
-time consuming
2
