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SPHG 352 Midterm Review Exam Questions
And Answers 100% Verified.
What is a health system? - Answers✔WHO: the sum total of all organizations, institutions and
resources whose primary purpose is to promote, restore, maintain or improve health.
- improving health of the population they serve
- responding to people's expectations
- providing financial protection against the costs of ill-health
-needs staff, funds, information, supplies, transport, communications and overall guidance and
direction
-needs to provide services that are responsive and financially fair, while treating people decently
Do health systems matter? Is there a public health system? - Answers✔Yes, they matter.
Difficult to say whether or not there is a PH system. Very decentralized and lots of different
actors influence PH.
Public Health Infrastructure - Answers✔Pyramid
Top = Public Health Response (bioterrorism, emerging infections, other PH needs/priorities)
Middle = Capacity for Essential Public Health Services (assessment, policy development,
assurance)
Bottom = basic infrastructure (information systems, workforce, organizational capacity)
Essential Public Health Services - Answers✔Assurance (Enforce laws, link to/provide care,
assure competent workforce, evaluate)
Assessment (monitor health, diagnose and investigate)
Policy Development (inform, educate, empower; mobilize community partnerships; develop
policies)
1
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At center: system management - research
Is there a U.S. PH system? - Answers✔Could argue there is not a unified PH system in the U.S.
There are multiple systems that interact (public/private, nonprofit/for-profit, government/NGO
finances)
Degree of Public Health and Health System is questionable
Health system is not the same as health services which is not the same as health care.
Building blocks and key components of a well-functioning health system - Answers✔WHO has
six building blocks:
-Service Delivery
-Health Workforce
-Health Information Systems
-Access to Essential Medicines
-Financing
-Leadership/Governance
Focused on access, coverage, quality, and safety in order to achieve:
-improved health
-social and financial risk protection
-improved efficiency
-responsiveness
Characteristics of most systems (including health systems) from "Systems Thinking" -
Answers✔-Self organizing
-Constantly changing
-Tightly linked
-Governed by feedback
2
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-Non-linear
-History dependent
-Counter-intuitive
-Resistant to change
10 steps to systems thinking - Answers✔Intervention Design:
1. Convene stakeholders
2. Collectively brainstorm
3. Conceptualize effects
4. Adapt and redesign
Evaluation design:
5. Determine indicators
6. Choose methods
7. Select evaluation design
8. Develop a plan and timeline
9. Set a budget
10. Source funding
Interaction between systems thinking and SEF - Answers✔Systems thinking informs SEF
Importance of PH professionals in having a strong understanding of health systems -
Answers✔They work in diverse roles/settings
They are only a single part of a multi-faceted system to address PH issues (wicked problems)
Wicked Problems - Answers✔-Complex, ambiguous, endemic
-Usually involve systems
-People have very diff. views of the problem
-Every attempt to intervene alters the situation - unintended consequences
-Solutions are not right or wrong
-No clear formula to solve them
3
SPHG 352 Midterm Review Exam Questions
And Answers 100% Verified.
What is a health system? - Answers✔WHO: the sum total of all organizations, institutions and
resources whose primary purpose is to promote, restore, maintain or improve health.
- improving health of the population they serve
- responding to people's expectations
- providing financial protection against the costs of ill-health
-needs staff, funds, information, supplies, transport, communications and overall guidance and
direction
-needs to provide services that are responsive and financially fair, while treating people decently
Do health systems matter? Is there a public health system? - Answers✔Yes, they matter.
Difficult to say whether or not there is a PH system. Very decentralized and lots of different
actors influence PH.
Public Health Infrastructure - Answers✔Pyramid
Top = Public Health Response (bioterrorism, emerging infections, other PH needs/priorities)
Middle = Capacity for Essential Public Health Services (assessment, policy development,
assurance)
Bottom = basic infrastructure (information systems, workforce, organizational capacity)
Essential Public Health Services - Answers✔Assurance (Enforce laws, link to/provide care,
assure competent workforce, evaluate)
Assessment (monitor health, diagnose and investigate)
Policy Development (inform, educate, empower; mobilize community partnerships; develop
policies)
1
, ©FYNDLAY.
At center: system management - research
Is there a U.S. PH system? - Answers✔Could argue there is not a unified PH system in the U.S.
There are multiple systems that interact (public/private, nonprofit/for-profit, government/NGO
finances)
Degree of Public Health and Health System is questionable
Health system is not the same as health services which is not the same as health care.
Building blocks and key components of a well-functioning health system - Answers✔WHO has
six building blocks:
-Service Delivery
-Health Workforce
-Health Information Systems
-Access to Essential Medicines
-Financing
-Leadership/Governance
Focused on access, coverage, quality, and safety in order to achieve:
-improved health
-social and financial risk protection
-improved efficiency
-responsiveness
Characteristics of most systems (including health systems) from "Systems Thinking" -
Answers✔-Self organizing
-Constantly changing
-Tightly linked
-Governed by feedback
2
, ©FYNDLAY.
-Non-linear
-History dependent
-Counter-intuitive
-Resistant to change
10 steps to systems thinking - Answers✔Intervention Design:
1. Convene stakeholders
2. Collectively brainstorm
3. Conceptualize effects
4. Adapt and redesign
Evaluation design:
5. Determine indicators
6. Choose methods
7. Select evaluation design
8. Develop a plan and timeline
9. Set a budget
10. Source funding
Interaction between systems thinking and SEF - Answers✔Systems thinking informs SEF
Importance of PH professionals in having a strong understanding of health systems -
Answers✔They work in diverse roles/settings
They are only a single part of a multi-faceted system to address PH issues (wicked problems)
Wicked Problems - Answers✔-Complex, ambiguous, endemic
-Usually involve systems
-People have very diff. views of the problem
-Every attempt to intervene alters the situation - unintended consequences
-Solutions are not right or wrong
-No clear formula to solve them
3
