C836 WGU Complete Fundamentals Information Security
Study Guide Exam with Questions and well elaborated Answers
100% Guaranteed Pass
1. bounds checking: to set a limit on the amount of data we expect to receive toset
aside storage for that data
*required in most programming languages
* prevents buffer overflows
2. race conditions: A type of software development vulnerability that occurs when
multiple processes or multiple threads within a process control or share access to a
particular resource, and the correct handling of that resource depends on the proper
ordering or timing of transactions
3. input validation: a type of attack that can occur when we fail to validate the input to
our applications or take steps to filter out unexpected or undesirable content
4. format string attack: a type of input validation attacks in which certain print
functions within a programming language can be used to manipulate or view the
internal memory of an application
5. authentication attack: A type of attack that can occur when we fail to use strong
authentication mechanisms for our applications
6. authorization attack: A type of attack that can occur when we fail to use autho-
rization best practices for our applications
7. cryptographic attack: A type of attack that can occur when we fail to properly
design our security mechanisms when implementing cryptographic controls in our
,applications
8. client-side attack: A type of attack that takes advantage of weaknesses in the
software loaded on client machines or one that uses social engineering techniquesto
trick us into going along with the attack
9. XSS (Cross Site Scripting): an attack carried out by placing code in the form ofa
scripting language into a web page or other media that is interpreted by a client
browser
10. XSRF (cross-site request forgery): an attack in which the attacker places alink
on a web page in such a way that it will be automatically executed to initiate
a particular activity on another web page or application where the user is currently
authenticated
11. clickjacking: An attack that takes advantage of the graphical display capabilitiesof
our browser to trick us into clicking on something we might not otherwise
12. server-side attack: A type of attack on the web server that can target vulner-
abilities such as lack of input validation, improper or inadequate permissions, or
extraneous files left on the server from the development process
13. Protocol issues, unauthenticated access, arbitrary code execution, and
privilege escalation: Name the 4 main categories of database security issues
14. web application analysis tool: A type of tool that analyzes web pages or
web-based applications and searches for common flaws such as XSS or SQL
, injection flaws, and improperly set permissions, extraneous files, outdated software
versions, and many more such items
15. protocol issues: unauthenticated flaws in network protocols, authenticated
flaws in network protocols, flaws in authentication protocols
16. arbitrary code execution: An attack that exploits an applications vulnerability
into allowing the attacker to execute commands on a user's computer.
* arbitrary code execution in intrinsic or securable SQL elements
17. Privilege Escalation: An attack that exploits a vulnerability in software to gain
access to resources that the user normally would be restricted from accessing.
* via SQL injection or local issues
18. validating user inputs: a security best practice for all software
* the most effective way of mitigating SQL injection attacks
19. Nikto (and Wikto): A web server analysis tool that performs checks for many
common server-side vulnerabilities & creates an index of all the files and directoriesit
can see on the target web server (a process known as spidering)
20. burp suite: A well-known GUI web analysis tool that offers a free and profes-
sional version; the pro version includes advanced tools for conducting more in-depth
attacks
21. fuzzer: A type of tool that works by bombarding our applications with all manner of
data and inputs from a wide variety of sources, in the hope that we can cause the
application to fail or to perform in unexpected ways
22. MiniFuzz File Fuzzer: A tool developed by Microsoft to find flaws in file-handling
source code
23. BinScope Binary Analyzer: A tool developed by Microsoft to examine source
Study Guide Exam with Questions and well elaborated Answers
100% Guaranteed Pass
1. bounds checking: to set a limit on the amount of data we expect to receive toset
aside storage for that data
*required in most programming languages
* prevents buffer overflows
2. race conditions: A type of software development vulnerability that occurs when
multiple processes or multiple threads within a process control or share access to a
particular resource, and the correct handling of that resource depends on the proper
ordering or timing of transactions
3. input validation: a type of attack that can occur when we fail to validate the input to
our applications or take steps to filter out unexpected or undesirable content
4. format string attack: a type of input validation attacks in which certain print
functions within a programming language can be used to manipulate or view the
internal memory of an application
5. authentication attack: A type of attack that can occur when we fail to use strong
authentication mechanisms for our applications
6. authorization attack: A type of attack that can occur when we fail to use autho-
rization best practices for our applications
7. cryptographic attack: A type of attack that can occur when we fail to properly
design our security mechanisms when implementing cryptographic controls in our
,applications
8. client-side attack: A type of attack that takes advantage of weaknesses in the
software loaded on client machines or one that uses social engineering techniquesto
trick us into going along with the attack
9. XSS (Cross Site Scripting): an attack carried out by placing code in the form ofa
scripting language into a web page or other media that is interpreted by a client
browser
10. XSRF (cross-site request forgery): an attack in which the attacker places alink
on a web page in such a way that it will be automatically executed to initiate
a particular activity on another web page or application where the user is currently
authenticated
11. clickjacking: An attack that takes advantage of the graphical display capabilitiesof
our browser to trick us into clicking on something we might not otherwise
12. server-side attack: A type of attack on the web server that can target vulner-
abilities such as lack of input validation, improper or inadequate permissions, or
extraneous files left on the server from the development process
13. Protocol issues, unauthenticated access, arbitrary code execution, and
privilege escalation: Name the 4 main categories of database security issues
14. web application analysis tool: A type of tool that analyzes web pages or
web-based applications and searches for common flaws such as XSS or SQL
, injection flaws, and improperly set permissions, extraneous files, outdated software
versions, and many more such items
15. protocol issues: unauthenticated flaws in network protocols, authenticated
flaws in network protocols, flaws in authentication protocols
16. arbitrary code execution: An attack that exploits an applications vulnerability
into allowing the attacker to execute commands on a user's computer.
* arbitrary code execution in intrinsic or securable SQL elements
17. Privilege Escalation: An attack that exploits a vulnerability in software to gain
access to resources that the user normally would be restricted from accessing.
* via SQL injection or local issues
18. validating user inputs: a security best practice for all software
* the most effective way of mitigating SQL injection attacks
19. Nikto (and Wikto): A web server analysis tool that performs checks for many
common server-side vulnerabilities & creates an index of all the files and directoriesit
can see on the target web server (a process known as spidering)
20. burp suite: A well-known GUI web analysis tool that offers a free and profes-
sional version; the pro version includes advanced tools for conducting more in-depth
attacks
21. fuzzer: A type of tool that works by bombarding our applications with all manner of
data and inputs from a wide variety of sources, in the hope that we can cause the
application to fail or to perform in unexpected ways
22. MiniFuzz File Fuzzer: A tool developed by Microsoft to find flaws in file-handling
source code
23. BinScope Binary Analyzer: A tool developed by Microsoft to examine source
