CWS exam questions with correct answers
(100%) pass
1. Cells make up the Epidermis-ANSWER- Keratinocytes
2. Keratinocytes are-ANSWER- in stratum granulosum, relase lipids which
continaun mois- ture, brick and mortar of skin
3. Dermis contains-ANSWER- cells for immune function: Macrophages and
Fibroblasts
4. Ph of the skin-ANSWER- 4-6.5
5. Macrophages do what-ANSWER-
6. Fibroblasts are-ANSWER-
7. subcutaneous tissue-ANSWER- can not regenerate, heals scar tissue, poorly
perfused, plays key role in reducing presure
8. Muscle-ANSWER- can not regenerate, higher metabolic rate, most impacted by
unrelieved pressure.
9. age and skin-ANSWER- neonates and infants skin absorbption risj is
higher. Older = prolonged skin responce.
10. Basal cell carcinoma-ANSWER- most common, pearl like transulscent
papule with central ulceration.
11. Squamous cell carcinoma-ANSWER- enlarged keratotic papule, can
occur on les in elderly, mistaken for a venous ulver
12. ABCDE-ANSWER-
Assymetry Border
Color
Diameter
Evolution
13. Biposy is-ANSWER- gold standard for identification if wound is not responding
to normal treatmenet
14. absorption of topical treatments-ANSWER- scrotum, hair follicles, face,
forearm, palm of the hand, plantar foot.
15. vitamin c difficency wound-ANSWER- traiangular skin tear: advaced =
transparent epidermice
16. zinc defficency rash-ANSWER- flaking red rash, eyebrows orr nose folds
17. essiential fatty acid deficiency appears-ANSWER- snowflakes in the socks!!
18. glucosamine deficency-ANSWER- tenting of the skin that doesn not resolve
19. Macules-ANSWER- flat, different color than normal, on skin or mucosal area,
may be fine scales. NONPALPABLE
,20. Papules-ANSWER- solid elevation from skin, red.
21. Plaques-ANSWER- scaly raised areas of skin
22. nodules-ANSWER- firm well definined lesion under skin
23. cysts: closed cavity or sac, fluid or semisolid
24. crust-ANSWER- hardened drainage: yellow = serum, Green or green-yellow =
purulent. Red or black - dried blood
,25. abcess-ANSWER- accumulation of pus or purulent drainage, raised/red
26. Bulla-ANSWER- fluid filled blister
27. pustule-ANSWER- acne
28. vesicle-ANSWER- fluid filled cavity, clear, serous, hemmoragic, pus: allergic
reaction or sunburn
29. erythema-ANSWER- red local blanchable!
30. erthroderma-ANSWER- gernalized blanchable redness
31. telanciectasia: blanching spider veins
32. eccymosis-ANSWER- blood brusing under skin
33. pertechiae: nonblanchable macules, not raised, flat
34. palpable purpura-ANSWER- nonblanchable, raised, caused by inflammatory
response
35. atrophy-ANSWER- thinning of under tissue
36. ulcer-ANSWER- loss of epidermis and at least upper dermis
37. gangrene: necrotic tissue, caused from ischemia, wet or dry tissue death
38. eschar-ANSWER- thick dry leathery necrotic tissue
39. which cells in the dermis produce collagen and elastin for healing and
immune function-ANSWER- Fibroblasts
40. which layer of skin if it has reduced makes it higher risk for patient to
develop pressure injuries-ANSWER- subcutaneous tissue
41. on which body site would application of medication be absorbed the
greatest-ANSWER- the forehead
42. first thing that happends in wound bed-ANSWER- bleeding
43. What does happends after bleeding in wound bed-ANSWER-
vasoconstriction then clotting cascade which realeases cytokines and fibrin for
growth factors,
44. in inflammation stage 1st-ANSWER- cytokines and growth factors realeased
45. in inflammation 2nd>: fibrin matrix and established bleeding controlled
46. in inflammation 3rd-ANSWER- Neutrophills prodominate, eliminate bacteria
47. in inflammation 4th>: macrophages increase!
48. what do macrophages do in inflammatory phase>: eliminate dead bacteria,
neutrophils and cellular debris.
release cytokines that follow to 2nd phase.
49. impaired macrophages are seen in-ANSWER- Diabeties
50. proliferation is-ANSWER- 2nd stage wound healing!
51. proliferation begins with-ANSWER- fibroblast migration, summoned by
growth factors and cytokines.
NEW ECM forms (granulation)
Fibroblasts responsible for synthesis
Fibroblasts create collagen 3
, Vigorous angiogensesis exceeding normal needs
Contraction by myofibroblasts
52. myofobroblasts-ANSWER- contract wound bed in proliferation
53. Fibroblasts synthesis-ANSWER- collagen 3, no tensile streagnth in
proliferation
54. angogenesis-ANSWER- formation of new vaculature for wound bed.
55. wound contraction-ANSWER- from myofibroblasts, smooth muscle cell
56. collagen in remodeling phase-ANSWER- collagen 1 replaces collagen 3,
80% tinsel strength by 2-3 months
57. hypertrophic scaring-ANSWER- type 3 collagen doesnt break down enough,
type 1 over produces!
58. partial thickness-ANSWER- no scar formation, no granulation, epidermal
resurfacing
59. full thickness-ANSWER- require granulation, contraction to reduce defect.
60. Chronic wounds-ANSWER- stalling wound healing, Biofilm.
61. how does debridement help Chronic wounds-ANSWER- Surgical
debridement turns chronic wound into acute wound bed!! Restarts the normal
wound repair!!
62. factors that affect wound healing-ANSWER- Reduced perfusion,
oxygenation, glycemic control, comorbidities, malnutrition, Tobacco use, spinal
cord injury, infec- tion.
63. Pefusion in wound bed if reduced-ANSWER- reduced delivery of crutical
cells/nutri- ents, compromised removal of waste.
64. reduced Oxygenation affects wound healing-ANSWER- oxygen required for
inflamma- tion, angiogensis, collgen synthesis, epithealization.
65. conditions that affect oxygenation or perfusion-ANSWER- Arterial
disease, vaso- constriction, hypotension, vasopressors, advanced lung disease,
severe anemia, anasarca.
66. A1C for wound healing-ANSWER- 6.5-7.0, BG 140/154
67. malnutrition in wounds affect healing-ANSWER- protein is needed for
connective tissue, vitamin C for collagen synthesis, cellular apoptisis.
68. Nicotine use on healing-ANSWER- promotes prolonged vasoconstriction
69. infection affect on wound healing-ANSWER- tissue damage, inflammatory
mediators, delay in collagen synthesis, and eiphthelial resurfacing.
70. Arterial wound characteristics-ANSWER- tips of toes, distal foot, lower leg:
Punched out well defined areas, pale looking or necrotic wound bed, minimal
drainage
71. Arterial wound patient pain-ANSWER- pain worsens by activity, rest makes if
feel better until advanced disease then only dependency lessons pain.
72. Venous wound characteristics-ANSWER- calf wound superior anterior medial
(100%) pass
1. Cells make up the Epidermis-ANSWER- Keratinocytes
2. Keratinocytes are-ANSWER- in stratum granulosum, relase lipids which
continaun mois- ture, brick and mortar of skin
3. Dermis contains-ANSWER- cells for immune function: Macrophages and
Fibroblasts
4. Ph of the skin-ANSWER- 4-6.5
5. Macrophages do what-ANSWER-
6. Fibroblasts are-ANSWER-
7. subcutaneous tissue-ANSWER- can not regenerate, heals scar tissue, poorly
perfused, plays key role in reducing presure
8. Muscle-ANSWER- can not regenerate, higher metabolic rate, most impacted by
unrelieved pressure.
9. age and skin-ANSWER- neonates and infants skin absorbption risj is
higher. Older = prolonged skin responce.
10. Basal cell carcinoma-ANSWER- most common, pearl like transulscent
papule with central ulceration.
11. Squamous cell carcinoma-ANSWER- enlarged keratotic papule, can
occur on les in elderly, mistaken for a venous ulver
12. ABCDE-ANSWER-
Assymetry Border
Color
Diameter
Evolution
13. Biposy is-ANSWER- gold standard for identification if wound is not responding
to normal treatmenet
14. absorption of topical treatments-ANSWER- scrotum, hair follicles, face,
forearm, palm of the hand, plantar foot.
15. vitamin c difficency wound-ANSWER- traiangular skin tear: advaced =
transparent epidermice
16. zinc defficency rash-ANSWER- flaking red rash, eyebrows orr nose folds
17. essiential fatty acid deficiency appears-ANSWER- snowflakes in the socks!!
18. glucosamine deficency-ANSWER- tenting of the skin that doesn not resolve
19. Macules-ANSWER- flat, different color than normal, on skin or mucosal area,
may be fine scales. NONPALPABLE
,20. Papules-ANSWER- solid elevation from skin, red.
21. Plaques-ANSWER- scaly raised areas of skin
22. nodules-ANSWER- firm well definined lesion under skin
23. cysts: closed cavity or sac, fluid or semisolid
24. crust-ANSWER- hardened drainage: yellow = serum, Green or green-yellow =
purulent. Red or black - dried blood
,25. abcess-ANSWER- accumulation of pus or purulent drainage, raised/red
26. Bulla-ANSWER- fluid filled blister
27. pustule-ANSWER- acne
28. vesicle-ANSWER- fluid filled cavity, clear, serous, hemmoragic, pus: allergic
reaction or sunburn
29. erythema-ANSWER- red local blanchable!
30. erthroderma-ANSWER- gernalized blanchable redness
31. telanciectasia: blanching spider veins
32. eccymosis-ANSWER- blood brusing under skin
33. pertechiae: nonblanchable macules, not raised, flat
34. palpable purpura-ANSWER- nonblanchable, raised, caused by inflammatory
response
35. atrophy-ANSWER- thinning of under tissue
36. ulcer-ANSWER- loss of epidermis and at least upper dermis
37. gangrene: necrotic tissue, caused from ischemia, wet or dry tissue death
38. eschar-ANSWER- thick dry leathery necrotic tissue
39. which cells in the dermis produce collagen and elastin for healing and
immune function-ANSWER- Fibroblasts
40. which layer of skin if it has reduced makes it higher risk for patient to
develop pressure injuries-ANSWER- subcutaneous tissue
41. on which body site would application of medication be absorbed the
greatest-ANSWER- the forehead
42. first thing that happends in wound bed-ANSWER- bleeding
43. What does happends after bleeding in wound bed-ANSWER-
vasoconstriction then clotting cascade which realeases cytokines and fibrin for
growth factors,
44. in inflammation stage 1st-ANSWER- cytokines and growth factors realeased
45. in inflammation 2nd>: fibrin matrix and established bleeding controlled
46. in inflammation 3rd-ANSWER- Neutrophills prodominate, eliminate bacteria
47. in inflammation 4th>: macrophages increase!
48. what do macrophages do in inflammatory phase>: eliminate dead bacteria,
neutrophils and cellular debris.
release cytokines that follow to 2nd phase.
49. impaired macrophages are seen in-ANSWER- Diabeties
50. proliferation is-ANSWER- 2nd stage wound healing!
51. proliferation begins with-ANSWER- fibroblast migration, summoned by
growth factors and cytokines.
NEW ECM forms (granulation)
Fibroblasts responsible for synthesis
Fibroblasts create collagen 3
, Vigorous angiogensesis exceeding normal needs
Contraction by myofibroblasts
52. myofobroblasts-ANSWER- contract wound bed in proliferation
53. Fibroblasts synthesis-ANSWER- collagen 3, no tensile streagnth in
proliferation
54. angogenesis-ANSWER- formation of new vaculature for wound bed.
55. wound contraction-ANSWER- from myofibroblasts, smooth muscle cell
56. collagen in remodeling phase-ANSWER- collagen 1 replaces collagen 3,
80% tinsel strength by 2-3 months
57. hypertrophic scaring-ANSWER- type 3 collagen doesnt break down enough,
type 1 over produces!
58. partial thickness-ANSWER- no scar formation, no granulation, epidermal
resurfacing
59. full thickness-ANSWER- require granulation, contraction to reduce defect.
60. Chronic wounds-ANSWER- stalling wound healing, Biofilm.
61. how does debridement help Chronic wounds-ANSWER- Surgical
debridement turns chronic wound into acute wound bed!! Restarts the normal
wound repair!!
62. factors that affect wound healing-ANSWER- Reduced perfusion,
oxygenation, glycemic control, comorbidities, malnutrition, Tobacco use, spinal
cord injury, infec- tion.
63. Pefusion in wound bed if reduced-ANSWER- reduced delivery of crutical
cells/nutri- ents, compromised removal of waste.
64. reduced Oxygenation affects wound healing-ANSWER- oxygen required for
inflamma- tion, angiogensis, collgen synthesis, epithealization.
65. conditions that affect oxygenation or perfusion-ANSWER- Arterial
disease, vaso- constriction, hypotension, vasopressors, advanced lung disease,
severe anemia, anasarca.
66. A1C for wound healing-ANSWER- 6.5-7.0, BG 140/154
67. malnutrition in wounds affect healing-ANSWER- protein is needed for
connective tissue, vitamin C for collagen synthesis, cellular apoptisis.
68. Nicotine use on healing-ANSWER- promotes prolonged vasoconstriction
69. infection affect on wound healing-ANSWER- tissue damage, inflammatory
mediators, delay in collagen synthesis, and eiphthelial resurfacing.
70. Arterial wound characteristics-ANSWER- tips of toes, distal foot, lower leg:
Punched out well defined areas, pale looking or necrotic wound bed, minimal
drainage
71. Arterial wound patient pain-ANSWER- pain worsens by activity, rest makes if
feel better until advanced disease then only dependency lessons pain.
72. Venous wound characteristics-ANSWER- calf wound superior anterior medial
