SCRN EXAM REVIEW / 170 +
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS 2025 GRADED A+
LATEST UPDATE BEST FOR
REVISION.
,1. Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA) ANSWER Arises from basilar. Supplies Occipital Lobe , Midbrain, Thalamus,
Pineal Gland, Choroid Plexus, and Corpus Callosum
2. Symptoms of PCA Stroke ANSWER -Contralateral Visual Field Homonymous hemianopia
-Visual Agnosia (unable to interpret/recognize visual information)
- Weber's Syndrome (3rd nerve palsy + contralateral hemiplegia)
-Parinaud's Syndrome (Impaired upwards gaze, convergence-retraction nystagmus, primary conjugate downward gaze)
3. Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (AICA) ANSWER Feeds anterior inferior parts of the cerebellum
4. Symptoms of AICA Stroke ANSWER Lateral Pontine Syndrome ANSWER vertigo, vomiting, nystag- mus,
falling towards the side of the lesion, ipsilateral loss of sensation to the face, ipsilateral facial paralysis, ipsilateral
hearing loss
5. Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (PICA) ANSWER Feeds cerebellum, superior section of the medulla,.
Choroid plexus and fourth ventricle
6. Symptoms of PICA Stroke ANSWER Wallenburg Syndrome (lateral Medullary Syn- drome) ANSWER
Loss of pain and temperature sensation in the contralateral trunk and ipsilateral face
7. Basilar Artery ANSWER An artery, formed by the fusion of the vertebral arteries, that supplies blood to the
brainstem (medulla and pons) and to the posterior cerebral arteries.
8. Symptoms of Basilar Artery Stoke ANSWER Coma, quadriparesis, ataxia, dysarthria, CN dysfunction and
visual deficits, Locked in Syndrome, Intranuclear Opthalmople- gia, gaze paresis, Millard Gulber Syndrome CN VI VII
damage (diplopia facial weak- ness, loss of corneal reflex), Nausea, vomiting, diplopia, gaze palsy, dysarthria,. vertigo,
tinnitus, hemiparesis, and quadriplegia.
9. Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA) ANSWER Feeds the media portion of the frontal and parietal lobes as
well as the corpus callosum
10. Symptoms of ACA Stroke ANSWER Contralateral motor/sensory deficits impacting legs
> arms
11. Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) ANSWER Feeds majority of the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes,
basal ganglia, internal capsule. It is divided M1 - M4
12. Symptoms of MCA Stroke ANSWER -Aphasia if dominant hemisphere
-Neglect if non-dominant hemisphere
-Contralateral motor/sensory loss of face/arm/leg with Arms > Legs
-Anosognosia ANSWER neglect or lack of self awareness
13. Venous Vascular Anatomy ANSWER Venous channels enter into venous sinuses locat- ed in the Dura matter.
14. Superior Sagittal Sinus ANSWER Travels posteriorly between the cerebral hemispheres towards the occiput
, 15. Straight Sinus ANSWER Travels along the tentorium, draining blood from the superior cerebellar veins.
16. Transverse Sinus ANSWER Travels along the base of the occiput laterally and forwardly
17. Sigmoid Sinus ANSWER Begins beneath the temporal bone and travels to the jugular foramen where it
becomes the internal jugular veins
18. Stroke Pathophysiology ANSWER Arterial blood flow to the brain tissue fails to meet metabolic demands
resulting in cell damage or death. ISCHEMIA FIRST THEN INFARCT.
19. Penumbra ANSWER Zone surrounding the core infarct, damaged by ischemia but not yet infarcted
---- functionally silent yet metabolically active
20. Hypoxia leading to Necrotic Pathway ANSWER Cell energy failure
21. Hypoxia leading to Apoptotic Pathway ANSWER Programmed cell death in the penum- bral zone
22. ICH Stroke Pathophysiology ANSWER Occurs when a cerebral blood vessel opens abnormally and spills
blood into brain tissue.
23. Classification of ICH Brain Injury ANSWER Primary Brain Injury ANSWER Direct result of the
hematoma
Secondary Brain Injury ANSWER Hours or days after ICH, mass effect causes mechanical disruption and damage to ce
membranes
24. SAH Stroke Pathophysiology ANSWER Aneurysm from s in the cerebral vasculature and ruptures, resulting
in blood spilling in the subarachnoid space
25. Saccular Aneurysm ANSWER narrow neck, widened dome -- Most Common
26. Fusiform Aneurysm ANSWER Outpouching of the vessel without a distinct neck --- Less common
27. Early Brain Injury ANSWER Hours and first several days after aneurysm rupture cerebral edema forms, injury
results from decreased cerebral blood flow
28. Cerebral Vasospasm (Delayed Cerebral Injury) ANSWER Large Vessel Spasm gener- ally begins on day 4
continues up to 21 days
29. Brain Requirements ANSWER 20% of the body's Oxygen 15% of
the body's Cardiac Output
30. Cerebral Blood Flow ANSWER Normal ANSWER 50 - 55 mL/100g/min
Oligemia ANSWER 30 - 40 mL/100g/min
Moderate Ischemia (the penumbra) ANSWER 20 - 30 mL/100 g/min
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS 2025 GRADED A+
LATEST UPDATE BEST FOR
REVISION.
,1. Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA) ANSWER Arises from basilar. Supplies Occipital Lobe , Midbrain, Thalamus,
Pineal Gland, Choroid Plexus, and Corpus Callosum
2. Symptoms of PCA Stroke ANSWER -Contralateral Visual Field Homonymous hemianopia
-Visual Agnosia (unable to interpret/recognize visual information)
- Weber's Syndrome (3rd nerve palsy + contralateral hemiplegia)
-Parinaud's Syndrome (Impaired upwards gaze, convergence-retraction nystagmus, primary conjugate downward gaze)
3. Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (AICA) ANSWER Feeds anterior inferior parts of the cerebellum
4. Symptoms of AICA Stroke ANSWER Lateral Pontine Syndrome ANSWER vertigo, vomiting, nystag- mus,
falling towards the side of the lesion, ipsilateral loss of sensation to the face, ipsilateral facial paralysis, ipsilateral
hearing loss
5. Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (PICA) ANSWER Feeds cerebellum, superior section of the medulla,.
Choroid plexus and fourth ventricle
6. Symptoms of PICA Stroke ANSWER Wallenburg Syndrome (lateral Medullary Syn- drome) ANSWER
Loss of pain and temperature sensation in the contralateral trunk and ipsilateral face
7. Basilar Artery ANSWER An artery, formed by the fusion of the vertebral arteries, that supplies blood to the
brainstem (medulla and pons) and to the posterior cerebral arteries.
8. Symptoms of Basilar Artery Stoke ANSWER Coma, quadriparesis, ataxia, dysarthria, CN dysfunction and
visual deficits, Locked in Syndrome, Intranuclear Opthalmople- gia, gaze paresis, Millard Gulber Syndrome CN VI VII
damage (diplopia facial weak- ness, loss of corneal reflex), Nausea, vomiting, diplopia, gaze palsy, dysarthria,. vertigo,
tinnitus, hemiparesis, and quadriplegia.
9. Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA) ANSWER Feeds the media portion of the frontal and parietal lobes as
well as the corpus callosum
10. Symptoms of ACA Stroke ANSWER Contralateral motor/sensory deficits impacting legs
> arms
11. Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) ANSWER Feeds majority of the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes,
basal ganglia, internal capsule. It is divided M1 - M4
12. Symptoms of MCA Stroke ANSWER -Aphasia if dominant hemisphere
-Neglect if non-dominant hemisphere
-Contralateral motor/sensory loss of face/arm/leg with Arms > Legs
-Anosognosia ANSWER neglect or lack of self awareness
13. Venous Vascular Anatomy ANSWER Venous channels enter into venous sinuses locat- ed in the Dura matter.
14. Superior Sagittal Sinus ANSWER Travels posteriorly between the cerebral hemispheres towards the occiput
, 15. Straight Sinus ANSWER Travels along the tentorium, draining blood from the superior cerebellar veins.
16. Transverse Sinus ANSWER Travels along the base of the occiput laterally and forwardly
17. Sigmoid Sinus ANSWER Begins beneath the temporal bone and travels to the jugular foramen where it
becomes the internal jugular veins
18. Stroke Pathophysiology ANSWER Arterial blood flow to the brain tissue fails to meet metabolic demands
resulting in cell damage or death. ISCHEMIA FIRST THEN INFARCT.
19. Penumbra ANSWER Zone surrounding the core infarct, damaged by ischemia but not yet infarcted
---- functionally silent yet metabolically active
20. Hypoxia leading to Necrotic Pathway ANSWER Cell energy failure
21. Hypoxia leading to Apoptotic Pathway ANSWER Programmed cell death in the penum- bral zone
22. ICH Stroke Pathophysiology ANSWER Occurs when a cerebral blood vessel opens abnormally and spills
blood into brain tissue.
23. Classification of ICH Brain Injury ANSWER Primary Brain Injury ANSWER Direct result of the
hematoma
Secondary Brain Injury ANSWER Hours or days after ICH, mass effect causes mechanical disruption and damage to ce
membranes
24. SAH Stroke Pathophysiology ANSWER Aneurysm from s in the cerebral vasculature and ruptures, resulting
in blood spilling in the subarachnoid space
25. Saccular Aneurysm ANSWER narrow neck, widened dome -- Most Common
26. Fusiform Aneurysm ANSWER Outpouching of the vessel without a distinct neck --- Less common
27. Early Brain Injury ANSWER Hours and first several days after aneurysm rupture cerebral edema forms, injury
results from decreased cerebral blood flow
28. Cerebral Vasospasm (Delayed Cerebral Injury) ANSWER Large Vessel Spasm gener- ally begins on day 4
continues up to 21 days
29. Brain Requirements ANSWER 20% of the body's Oxygen 15% of
the body's Cardiac Output
30. Cerebral Blood Flow ANSWER Normal ANSWER 50 - 55 mL/100g/min
Oligemia ANSWER 30 - 40 mL/100g/min
Moderate Ischemia (the penumbra) ANSWER 20 - 30 mL/100 g/min
