Stat 200 Exam 1- Haubrick question with
complete solutions
statistics - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅the science of collecting, describing, and analyzing data
data - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅set of measurements taken on a set of individual units
data is comprised of - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅variables
case (unit) - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅the subject or object we are obtaining info about
variable - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅any characteristic recorded for each case
two types of categorical variables - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅nominal, ordinal
nominal - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅variables have no logical order (ex: yes or no, laptop or paper)
ordinal - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅variables have a logical order (ex: 1234, SML)
two types of quantitative variables - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅discrete, continuous
discrete - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅variables can be counted (ex: # of people in family)
continuous - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅variables can be measured (ex: height, length, speed,
temperature)
explanatory variable - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅often comes first, explains differences, forms 2 groups
response variable - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅the outcome variable, what you measure
, population - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅ALL individuals/observations of interest
sample - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅observations that we have selected from the population (should be
representative of the population) for which we have data
simple random sample - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅each unit of the population has the same chance of
being selected, regardless of the other units chosen for the sample
3 types of bias - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅selection, nonresponse, response
selection bias - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅happens when the sample is not random
nonresponse bias - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅those selected for the survey did not respond
response bias - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅participants respond differently than how they truly feel
statistical inference - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅the process of drawing conclusions about populations or
scientific truths from data
association - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅values of one variable tend to be related to the other values of
the other
causation - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅changing the value of one variable directly influences the value of
the other variable
confounding variables - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅a third variable thats associated with both the
explanatory variable and the response variable. when present a casual association cant be determined
observational study - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅a study in which the researcher does not actively
control the value of any variable
complete solutions
statistics - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅the science of collecting, describing, and analyzing data
data - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅set of measurements taken on a set of individual units
data is comprised of - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅variables
case (unit) - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅the subject or object we are obtaining info about
variable - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅any characteristic recorded for each case
two types of categorical variables - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅nominal, ordinal
nominal - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅variables have no logical order (ex: yes or no, laptop or paper)
ordinal - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅variables have a logical order (ex: 1234, SML)
two types of quantitative variables - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅discrete, continuous
discrete - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅variables can be counted (ex: # of people in family)
continuous - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅variables can be measured (ex: height, length, speed,
temperature)
explanatory variable - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅often comes first, explains differences, forms 2 groups
response variable - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅the outcome variable, what you measure
, population - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅ALL individuals/observations of interest
sample - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅observations that we have selected from the population (should be
representative of the population) for which we have data
simple random sample - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅each unit of the population has the same chance of
being selected, regardless of the other units chosen for the sample
3 types of bias - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅selection, nonresponse, response
selection bias - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅happens when the sample is not random
nonresponse bias - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅those selected for the survey did not respond
response bias - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅participants respond differently than how they truly feel
statistical inference - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅the process of drawing conclusions about populations or
scientific truths from data
association - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅values of one variable tend to be related to the other values of
the other
causation - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅changing the value of one variable directly influences the value of
the other variable
confounding variables - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅a third variable thats associated with both the
explanatory variable and the response variable. when present a casual association cant be determined
observational study - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅a study in which the researcher does not actively
control the value of any variable
