1
NRNP6635 FINAL EXAM LATEST 2024/2025 WITH
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS/ALREADY GRADED A+
a psychological disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or
diminished inappropriate emotional expression. - (answers)Schizophrenia
The signs and symptoms of schizophrenia are traditionally separated into 2 groups: positive
(delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized speech or behavior) and negative (flat affect, avolition,
anhedonia, poor attention, and alogia). - (answers)signs and symptoms of schizophrenia
a decline in both cognitive and social functioning that often precedes the development of florid
psychosis. - (answers)Schizophrenia is associated with
The exact etiology of schizophrenia is unknown, although it is thought to be linked to an increase in
dopaminergic activity.
No single etiological factor is responsible for schizophrenia. - (answers)Etiology of Schizophrenia
Treatment includes antipsychotics in conjunction with behavioral therapy. - (answers)Treatment of
Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a chronic serious mental disorder characterized by loss of contact with reality and
manifested by two main symptoms: hallucinations and delusions. - (answers)Schizophrenia
definition
Men and women are equally affected, but with a slight difference in the age of onsetMen: average
age of onset = 23 years Women: average age of onset = 26 years - (answers)onset of schizophrenia
The disorder manifests when a person with a genetic predisposition is exposed to one of many
environmental stressors.
- genetic predisposition
- environmental stressors - (answers)Etiological factors of schizophrenia
Environmental stressors are believed to be triggers of schizophrenia rather than true causes of the
disorder.
-Childhood trauma
, 2
- Residence in an urban area
- Social isolation
-Frequent cannabis use in early adolescence
- Migration
- Poverty
- Stress and psychosocial factors
- Birth in late winter or early spring
-Advanced paternal age at conception - (answers)Environmental Stressors of Schizophrenia
Genetic and environmental risk factors appear to act via a common pathway
of disrupting the function of 1 or more neurotransmitter components.
Dopaminergic theory: Almost all drugs with antipsychotic properties block the dopaminergic D2
receptor.
However, antipsychotics are only 70% effective and clozapine, the most effective antipsychotic for
treating schizophrenia, is a weak D2 antagonist.
Hyperactivity of dopamine D2 receptor neurotransmission in subcortical, and limbic brain regions
contribute to the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. Hypo functionality of dopamine D1 receptor
neurotransmission in the prefrontal cortex contributes to both negative and cognitive symptoms. -
(answers)Pathophysiology of schizophrenia part 1
Other theories:
Hypofunction of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor. Dysfunctional gamma-
amino-butyric acid (GABA) interneurons.
Dysfunctional nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. - (answers)Pathophysiology of schizophrenia part 2
Patients with schizophrenia also have physical abnormalities of the brain tissue, which can be seen in
neuroimaging studies.
Loss of cortical tissue volume, including the limbic system, prefrontal cortex, thalamus, hippocampus,
and amygdala.
Ventricular enlargement (third and lateral).
Decreased symmetry.
Hypoactivity of the frontal lobes and hyperactivity of the basal ganglia. - (answers)Physical
abnormalities of the brain in schizophrenia
NRNP6635 FINAL EXAM LATEST 2024/2025 WITH
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS/ALREADY GRADED A+
a psychological disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or
diminished inappropriate emotional expression. - (answers)Schizophrenia
The signs and symptoms of schizophrenia are traditionally separated into 2 groups: positive
(delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized speech or behavior) and negative (flat affect, avolition,
anhedonia, poor attention, and alogia). - (answers)signs and symptoms of schizophrenia
a decline in both cognitive and social functioning that often precedes the development of florid
psychosis. - (answers)Schizophrenia is associated with
The exact etiology of schizophrenia is unknown, although it is thought to be linked to an increase in
dopaminergic activity.
No single etiological factor is responsible for schizophrenia. - (answers)Etiology of Schizophrenia
Treatment includes antipsychotics in conjunction with behavioral therapy. - (answers)Treatment of
Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a chronic serious mental disorder characterized by loss of contact with reality and
manifested by two main symptoms: hallucinations and delusions. - (answers)Schizophrenia
definition
Men and women are equally affected, but with a slight difference in the age of onsetMen: average
age of onset = 23 years Women: average age of onset = 26 years - (answers)onset of schizophrenia
The disorder manifests when a person with a genetic predisposition is exposed to one of many
environmental stressors.
- genetic predisposition
- environmental stressors - (answers)Etiological factors of schizophrenia
Environmental stressors are believed to be triggers of schizophrenia rather than true causes of the
disorder.
-Childhood trauma
, 2
- Residence in an urban area
- Social isolation
-Frequent cannabis use in early adolescence
- Migration
- Poverty
- Stress and psychosocial factors
- Birth in late winter or early spring
-Advanced paternal age at conception - (answers)Environmental Stressors of Schizophrenia
Genetic and environmental risk factors appear to act via a common pathway
of disrupting the function of 1 or more neurotransmitter components.
Dopaminergic theory: Almost all drugs with antipsychotic properties block the dopaminergic D2
receptor.
However, antipsychotics are only 70% effective and clozapine, the most effective antipsychotic for
treating schizophrenia, is a weak D2 antagonist.
Hyperactivity of dopamine D2 receptor neurotransmission in subcortical, and limbic brain regions
contribute to the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. Hypo functionality of dopamine D1 receptor
neurotransmission in the prefrontal cortex contributes to both negative and cognitive symptoms. -
(answers)Pathophysiology of schizophrenia part 1
Other theories:
Hypofunction of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor. Dysfunctional gamma-
amino-butyric acid (GABA) interneurons.
Dysfunctional nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. - (answers)Pathophysiology of schizophrenia part 2
Patients with schizophrenia also have physical abnormalities of the brain tissue, which can be seen in
neuroimaging studies.
Loss of cortical tissue volume, including the limbic system, prefrontal cortex, thalamus, hippocampus,
and amygdala.
Ventricular enlargement (third and lateral).
Decreased symmetry.
Hypoactivity of the frontal lobes and hyperactivity of the basal ganglia. - (answers)Physical
abnormalities of the brain in schizophrenia
