Behavior and Environment Practice Exam Questions 1

Multiple-Choice Practice Questions (Gedrag en Omgeving)
1. 1. What is the bystander effect?

 A) The tendency to help more when others are present
 B) The reduced likelihood of helping when more people are present
 C) Increased responsibility felt by individuals in groups
 D) Helping others due to societal norms

2. 2. Which system involves automatic and unconscious processes?

 A) System 1
 B) System 2
 C) Reflective system
 D) Cognitive system

3. 3. What is 'nudging' in behavioral psychology?

 A) Directly instructing individuals to behave a certain way
 B) Using unconscious responses to influence behavior
 C) Rewarding individuals for good behavior
 D) Punishing undesirable behavior

4. 4. Which theory explains comparing oneself to others?

 A) Social comparison theory
 B) Self-discrepancy theory
 C) Self-enhancement theory
 D) Equity theory

5. 5. What does 'self-consistency' refer to?

 A) The desire for a positive self-image
 B) The need for a stable self-concept
 C) The effort to meet societal expectations
 D) The aim for realistic optimism

6. 6. What is 'promotion focus' associated with?

 A) Avoiding negative outcomes
 B) Striving towards the ideal self
 C) Maintaining the actual self
 D) Preventing guilt

7. 7. What does 'ego depletion' mean?

 A) Loss of self-esteem

,  B) Decrease in self-control resources
 C) Strengthened motivation
 D) Shift from ideal self to actual self

8. 8. What is 'altercasting'?

 A) Highlighting one's identity through actions
 B) Adopting complementary behaviors for social validation
 C) Adjusting behavior to fit the situation
 D) Splitting private and public selves

9. 9. What describes 'deindividuation'?

 A) Acting more civilly in groups
 B) Losing individuality in group settings
 C) Increasing self-awareness
 D) Strengthening personal control

10. 10. What does the 'halo effect' suggest?

 A) Attractive people are perceived as more competent
 B) Competent individuals are perceived as unattractive
 C) Physical appearance has no impact on judgments
 D) People judge others only by their actions

11. 11. Which cultural orientation emphasizes personal freedom?

 A) Collectivism
 B) Individualism
 C) Interdependence
 D) Masculinity

12. 12. What is 'cognitive dissonance'?

 A) Alignment between attitudes and behavior
 B) Discomfort from inconsistent attitudes and behaviors
 C) Strong commitment to social norms
 D) Reduced motivation due to guilt

13. 13. What is the main cause of social loafing?

 A) Individual contributions are not measurable
 B) Group tasks are too easy
 C) Groups are too small
 D) Excessive competition among group members

14. 14. What does 'pluralistic ignorance' lead to?