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The Legal Environment of Business, 14th Edition
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TABLE OF CONTENTS oj oj oj
Chapter 1. Today’s Business Environment: Law and Ethics
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Chapter 2. The Court Systems
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Chapter 3. Trials and Resolving Disputes
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Chapter 4. The Constitution: Focus on Application to Business
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Chapter 5. Criminal Law and Business
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Chapter 6. Elements of Torts
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Chapter 7. Business Torts and Product Liability
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Chapter 8. Real and Personal Property
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Chapter 9. Intellectual Property
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Chapter 10. Contracts
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Chapter 11. Domestic and International Sales
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Chapter 12. Business Organizations
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Chapter 13. Negotiable Instruments, Credit, and Bankruptcy
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Chapter 14. Agency and the Employment Relationship
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Chapter 15. Employment and Labor Regulations
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Chapter 16. Employment Discrimination
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Chapter 17. The Regulatory Process
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Chapter 18. Securities Regulation
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Chapter 19. Consumer Protection
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The Legal Environment of Business, 14th Edition
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Chapter 20. Antitrust Law oj oj oj
Chapter 21. Environmental Law oj oj oj
Chapter 22. The International Legal Environment of Business oj oj oj oj oj oj oj
CHAPTER 1 oj
Table of Contents oj oj
Answer to Discussion Question................................................................................................................................... 1
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Answers to Case Questions........................................................................................................................................... 1
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Answers to Ethics and Social Questions ................................................................................................................... 3
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Answer to Discussion Question oj oj oj
Should the common law maxim “Ignorance of the law is no excuse” apply to an immigrant who speakslittle Eng
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lish and was not educated in the United States? How about for a tourist who does not speak English? Everyon
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e knows criminal acts are prohibited, but what about subtler rules that differ across countries and so may be
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misunderstood by foreigners? oj oj
Answer: It is generally true that ignorance of the law is no excuse. Citizens are deemed to have constructive k
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nowledge of the law. Yet, as well known as this rule is, it is surprising how often it is proffered as an excus
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e. (A Westlaw search cases finds hundreds of examples). Examples include: Deluco v. Dezi (Conn. Super)
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(lack of knowledge regarding the state‘s usury laws is no excuse for the inclusion of an illegal interest rat
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e in a sales contract); and Plumlee v. Paddock (ignorance of thefact that the subject matter of the contrac
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t was illegal was not excuse). The courts have provided a small exception to the rule when it comes to pe
oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj
ople in lack of English language skills. Consider Flanery v. Kuska, (defendant did not speak English was a
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dvised by a friend that an answer to a complaint was not required); Ramon v. Dept. of Transportation, (n
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o English and an inability to understand the law required for an excuse); Yurechko v. County of Alleghen
oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj
y, (Ignorance and with the fact that the municipality suffered no hardship in late lawsuit filing was an exc
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use).
Answers to Case Questions oj oj oj
1. Facts from an English judge’s decision in 1884: “The crew of an English yacht .................... were cast away in
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a storm on the high seas . . . and were compelled to put into an open boat. ................. They had no supply
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of water and no supply of food. . . . That on the eighteenth day . . . they .................. suggested that one
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should be sacrificed to save the rest. . . . That next day . . . they . . . went to the boy ........................ put a knife
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into his throat and killed him . . . the three men fed upon the body............... of the boy for four days; [then]
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The Legal Environment of Business, 14th Edition
oj oj oj oj oj oj
, =
the boat was picked up by a passing vessel, and [they] were rescued. . . . and committed for trial. . . .
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if the men had not fed upon the body of the boy they would probably not have survived to be sopic
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ked up and rescued, but would ................. have died of famine. The boy, being in a much weaker
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condition, was likely to have died before them ............ The real question in this case [is] whether killing
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under the conditions set forth ......... be or be not murder.” Do you consider the acts to be immoral?
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[Regina v. Dudley and Stephens, 14 Queens Bench Division 273 (1884)]
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Answer: This points out that the legal system has limits. Its acceptability is dictated by legal culture--
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whichdetermines whether law will be enforced, obeyed, avoided, or abused. It is limited by the informal r
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ules of the society-- oj oj oj
its customs and values. One limit is the extent to which society will allow the formal rules to be imposed w
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hen a crime is committed in odd circumstances. Here there was an intentional murder. Does the motive f
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or the murder, the effort to save several lives by sacrificing one
oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj
The Legal Environment of Business, 14th Edition
oj oj oj oj oj oj
The Legal Environment of Business, 14th Edition
oj oj oj oj oj oj
, =
TABLE OF CONTENTS oj oj oj
Chapter 1. Today’s Business Environment: Law and Ethics
oj oj oj oj oj oj oj
Chapter 2. The Court Systems
oj oj oj oj
Chapter 3. Trials and Resolving Disputes
oj oj oj oj oj
Chapter 4. The Constitution: Focus on Application to Business
oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj
Chapter 5. Criminal Law and Business
oj oj oj oj oj
Chapter 6. Elements of Torts
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Chapter 7. Business Torts and Product Liability
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Chapter 8. Real and Personal Property
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Chapter 9. Intellectual Property
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Chapter 10. Contracts
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Chapter 11. Domestic and International Sales
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Chapter 12. Business Organizations
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Chapter 13. Negotiable Instruments, Credit, and Bankruptcy
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Chapter 14. Agency and the Employment Relationship
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Chapter 15. Employment and Labor Regulations
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Chapter 16. Employment Discrimination
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Chapter 17. The Regulatory Process
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Chapter 18. Securities Regulation
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Chapter 19. Consumer Protection
oj oj oj
The Legal Environment of Business, 14th Edition
oj oj oj oj oj oj
, =
Chapter 20. Antitrust Law oj oj oj
Chapter 21. Environmental Law oj oj oj
Chapter 22. The International Legal Environment of Business oj oj oj oj oj oj oj
CHAPTER 1 oj
Table of Contents oj oj
Answer to Discussion Question................................................................................................................................... 1
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Answers to Case Questions........................................................................................................................................... 1
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Answers to Ethics and Social Questions ................................................................................................................... 3
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Answer to Discussion Question oj oj oj
Should the common law maxim “Ignorance of the law is no excuse” apply to an immigrant who speakslittle Eng
oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj jo oj
lish and was not educated in the United States? How about for a tourist who does not speak English? Everyon
oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj
e knows criminal acts are prohibited, but what about subtler rules that differ across countries and so may be
oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj
misunderstood by foreigners? oj oj
Answer: It is generally true that ignorance of the law is no excuse. Citizens are deemed to have constructive k
oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj
nowledge of the law. Yet, as well known as this rule is, it is surprising how often it is proffered as an excus
oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj
e. (A Westlaw search cases finds hundreds of examples). Examples include: Deluco v. Dezi (Conn. Super)
oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj
(lack of knowledge regarding the state‘s usury laws is no excuse for the inclusion of an illegal interest rat
oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj
e in a sales contract); and Plumlee v. Paddock (ignorance of thefact that the subject matter of the contrac
oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj jo oj oj oj oj oj oj oj
t was illegal was not excuse). The courts have provided a small exception to the rule when it comes to pe
oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj
ople in lack of English language skills. Consider Flanery v. Kuska, (defendant did not speak English was a
oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj
dvised by a friend that an answer to a complaint was not required); Ramon v. Dept. of Transportation, (n
oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj
o English and an inability to understand the law required for an excuse); Yurechko v. County of Alleghen
oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj
y, (Ignorance and with the fact that the municipality suffered no hardship in late lawsuit filing was an exc
oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj
use).
Answers to Case Questions oj oj oj
1. Facts from an English judge’s decision in 1884: “The crew of an English yacht .................... were cast away in
oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj
a storm on the high seas . . . and were compelled to put into an open boat. ................. They had no supply
oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj
of water and no supply of food. . . . That on the eighteenth day . . . they .................. suggested that one
oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj
should be sacrificed to save the rest. . . . That next day . . . they . . . went to the boy ........................ put a knife
oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj
into his throat and killed him . . . the three men fed upon the body............... of the boy for four days; [then]
oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj
The Legal Environment of Business, 14th Edition
oj oj oj oj oj oj
, =
the boat was picked up by a passing vessel, and [they] were rescued. . . . and committed for trial. . . .
oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj
if the men had not fed upon the body of the boy they would probably not have survived to be sopic
oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj jo
ked up and rescued, but would ................. have died of famine. The boy, being in a much weaker
oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj
condition, was likely to have died before them ............ The real question in this case [is] whether killing
oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj
under the conditions set forth ......... be or be not murder.” Do you consider the acts to be immoral?
oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj
[Regina v. Dudley and Stephens, 14 Queens Bench Division 273 (1884)]
oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj
Answer: This points out that the legal system has limits. Its acceptability is dictated by legal culture--
oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj
whichdetermines whether law will be enforced, obeyed, avoided, or abused. It is limited by the informal r
jo oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj
ules of the society-- oj oj oj
its customs and values. One limit is the extent to which society will allow the formal rules to be imposed w
oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj
hen a crime is committed in odd circumstances. Here there was an intentional murder. Does the motive f
oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj
or the murder, the effort to save several lives by sacrificing one
oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj
The Legal Environment of Business, 14th Edition
oj oj oj oj oj oj
