ATI PEDRIATICS EXAM 4 QUESTIONS AND DETAILED ANSWERS 2024
LATEST//ALREADY GRADED A+
Which of the following statements represents a true difference between the fluids and electrolytes of a
child compared to those of an adult?
a. Water constitutes a smaller percent of the body weight of children.
b. A smaller percent of the body weight is in the extracellular compartment in children.
c. Infants and children have a relatively greater body surface area than adults.
d. Infants and children have a lower basal metabolic rate than adults. - answer-c. Infants and children
have a relatively greater body surface area than adults.
Children reach adult water distribution percentages in the body by the time the child is how old? a.
1 year
b. 5 years
c. 3 years
d. 8 years - answer-b. 5 years
What percentage of an infant's body water is located in extracellular spaces?
a. 20%
b. 40%
c. 30%
d. 50% - answer-b. 40%
Which of the following substances is the predominant component of extracellular fluid? a.
saline
b. proteins
c. potassium
d. phosphate - answer-a. saline
Regulation of homeostatic changes associated with fluids and electrolytes in infants and young children
is much slower than in adults because of children's:
,a. proportionately smaller stomach and intestines
b. immature kidneys and buffering systems
c. differences in the chemical composition of the body
d. immature nervous systems - answer-b. immature kidneys and buffering systems
Insensible water loss per unit of body weight is:
a. less in children and infants compared to adults
b. about the same in infants and children compared to adults
c. higher in infants and children
d. significantly higher in infants and children - answer-c. higher in infants and children
When solutes flow from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until
equilibrium is reached, given that pressures on either side of the membrane are equal, the movement of
the solute across the membrane does so by:
a. filtration
b. diffusion
c. osmosis
d. transference - answer-b. diffusion
Which of the following types of pressure is a force caused by the amount of plasma proteins in the
vascular system and which holds the fluids in the capillaries? a. oncotic
b. protein
c. osmotic
d. filtration - answer-a. oncotic
Which kind of pressure is a force within the capillary beds that tends to pull water into the capillaries? a.
oncotic
b. hydrostatic
c. osmotic
d. filtration - answer-c. osmotic
,Which of the following is the pressure of blood against the capillary walls generated by the contraction
of the heart?
a. oncotic
b. hydrostatic
c. osmotic
d. filtration - answer-b. hydrostatic
When the nurse takes a blood pressure reading, the nurse is measuring which of the following kinds of
pressure?
a. hydrostatic
b. velocity
c. viscosity
d. osmotic - answer-a. hydrostatic
The formula for calculating daily fluid requirements for an infant weighing less than 10 kilograms is: a.
10 milliliters per kilogram
b. 50 milliliters per kilogram
c. 25 milliliters per kilogram
d. 100 milliliters per kilogram - answer-d. 100 milliliters per kilogram
What is the daily fluid requirement for an infant weighing 5 kilograms? a.
250 milliliters
b. 1 liter
c. 500 milliliters
d. 1-1/2 liters - answer-c. 500 milliliters
You are the nurse calculating the minimum acceptable urine output per hour for an infant who weighs 5
kilograms (kg). Which of the following amounts in cubic centimeters (cc) would you find to be
acceptable?
, a. 4-9
b. 16-22
c. 10-15
d. 25-30 - answer-c. 10-15
The normal minimum urine output for older school-aged and adolescent children is how many milliliters
per kilogram per hour?
a. 5-10
b. 1-2
c. 2-3
d. 0.5-1 - answer-d. 0.5-1
Which of the following is the electrolyte responsible for establishing and maintaining the osmolarity and
volume of the extracellular fluid?
a. calcium
b. sodium
c. potassium
d. phosphate - answer-b. sodium
The nurse coming on duty gets a laboratory report on an assigned child, and the serum sodium level is
reported as 133 milliequivalents per liter (mEq/L). The nurse would expect this client with a 133 mEq/L
sodium level to:
a. be experiencing headache, muscle weakness, and abdominal cramps
b. have flushed skin, an elevated temperature, and intense thirst
c. have a slow pulse rate, decreased respirations, and elevated blood pressure
d. appear perfectly normal because this is a normal serum sodium level for a child - answer-a. be
experiencing headache, muscle weakness, and abdominal cramps
When the nurse finds that a child has a sodium level of more than 145 milliequivalents per liter, the
nurse would most expect to see:
a. diarrhea and vomiting
LATEST//ALREADY GRADED A+
Which of the following statements represents a true difference between the fluids and electrolytes of a
child compared to those of an adult?
a. Water constitutes a smaller percent of the body weight of children.
b. A smaller percent of the body weight is in the extracellular compartment in children.
c. Infants and children have a relatively greater body surface area than adults.
d. Infants and children have a lower basal metabolic rate than adults. - answer-c. Infants and children
have a relatively greater body surface area than adults.
Children reach adult water distribution percentages in the body by the time the child is how old? a.
1 year
b. 5 years
c. 3 years
d. 8 years - answer-b. 5 years
What percentage of an infant's body water is located in extracellular spaces?
a. 20%
b. 40%
c. 30%
d. 50% - answer-b. 40%
Which of the following substances is the predominant component of extracellular fluid? a.
saline
b. proteins
c. potassium
d. phosphate - answer-a. saline
Regulation of homeostatic changes associated with fluids and electrolytes in infants and young children
is much slower than in adults because of children's:
,a. proportionately smaller stomach and intestines
b. immature kidneys and buffering systems
c. differences in the chemical composition of the body
d. immature nervous systems - answer-b. immature kidneys and buffering systems
Insensible water loss per unit of body weight is:
a. less in children and infants compared to adults
b. about the same in infants and children compared to adults
c. higher in infants and children
d. significantly higher in infants and children - answer-c. higher in infants and children
When solutes flow from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until
equilibrium is reached, given that pressures on either side of the membrane are equal, the movement of
the solute across the membrane does so by:
a. filtration
b. diffusion
c. osmosis
d. transference - answer-b. diffusion
Which of the following types of pressure is a force caused by the amount of plasma proteins in the
vascular system and which holds the fluids in the capillaries? a. oncotic
b. protein
c. osmotic
d. filtration - answer-a. oncotic
Which kind of pressure is a force within the capillary beds that tends to pull water into the capillaries? a.
oncotic
b. hydrostatic
c. osmotic
d. filtration - answer-c. osmotic
,Which of the following is the pressure of blood against the capillary walls generated by the contraction
of the heart?
a. oncotic
b. hydrostatic
c. osmotic
d. filtration - answer-b. hydrostatic
When the nurse takes a blood pressure reading, the nurse is measuring which of the following kinds of
pressure?
a. hydrostatic
b. velocity
c. viscosity
d. osmotic - answer-a. hydrostatic
The formula for calculating daily fluid requirements for an infant weighing less than 10 kilograms is: a.
10 milliliters per kilogram
b. 50 milliliters per kilogram
c. 25 milliliters per kilogram
d. 100 milliliters per kilogram - answer-d. 100 milliliters per kilogram
What is the daily fluid requirement for an infant weighing 5 kilograms? a.
250 milliliters
b. 1 liter
c. 500 milliliters
d. 1-1/2 liters - answer-c. 500 milliliters
You are the nurse calculating the minimum acceptable urine output per hour for an infant who weighs 5
kilograms (kg). Which of the following amounts in cubic centimeters (cc) would you find to be
acceptable?
, a. 4-9
b. 16-22
c. 10-15
d. 25-30 - answer-c. 10-15
The normal minimum urine output for older school-aged and adolescent children is how many milliliters
per kilogram per hour?
a. 5-10
b. 1-2
c. 2-3
d. 0.5-1 - answer-d. 0.5-1
Which of the following is the electrolyte responsible for establishing and maintaining the osmolarity and
volume of the extracellular fluid?
a. calcium
b. sodium
c. potassium
d. phosphate - answer-b. sodium
The nurse coming on duty gets a laboratory report on an assigned child, and the serum sodium level is
reported as 133 milliequivalents per liter (mEq/L). The nurse would expect this client with a 133 mEq/L
sodium level to:
a. be experiencing headache, muscle weakness, and abdominal cramps
b. have flushed skin, an elevated temperature, and intense thirst
c. have a slow pulse rate, decreased respirations, and elevated blood pressure
d. appear perfectly normal because this is a normal serum sodium level for a child - answer-a. be
experiencing headache, muscle weakness, and abdominal cramps
When the nurse finds that a child has a sodium level of more than 145 milliequivalents per liter, the
nurse would most expect to see:
a. diarrhea and vomiting
