ATI PEDRIATICS EXAM 4 180 QUESTIONS AND DETAILED ANSWERS 2024-2025
LATEST//ALREADY GRADED A+
Which of the following statements best describes a hydrocele?
a. an outpouching on the scrotum that contains water
b. a collection of water or fluid in the foreskin
c. an inguinal hernia containing fluid
d. a collection of fluid in the scrotal sac - answer-d. a collection of fluid in the scrotal sac
Parents of a child admitted to the pediatric ward ask the nurse to tell them what causes acute
glomerulonephritis because the pediatrician has mentioned this as a possible diagnosis. The correct
answer by the nurse would be to tell the family that acute glomerulonephritis is an inflammation of
glomeruli within the kidney caused by which of the following?
a. a bacterial or viral agent invading the child's system
b. habitual failure to flush the kidneys with sufficient fluid
c. an uncommon genetic defect involving a renin deficiency
d. failure of the adrenal glands to produce sufficient aldosterone - answer-a. a bacterial or viral agent
invading the child's system
You are the nurse assigned to care for a child with acute glomerulonephritis. After receiving report and
doing an initial assessment, you check the lab reports. You would not be surprised to find which of the
following signs and symptoms consistent with the diagnosis of acute glomerulonephritis?
a. pale yellow urine in copious amounts, low specific gravity, increased glomerular filtration rate
b. hypotension, dry skin, decreased serum sodium levels, and decreased potassium
c. hematuria, dependent edema, elevated serum sodium, diminished glomerular filtration rate,
proteinuria
d. ketone bodies in the urine, diminished serum sodium, orthostatic hypotension - answer-c. hematuria,
dependent edema, elevated serum sodium, diminished glomerular filtration rate, proteinuria
The nurse is assigned to work with a child diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome. The nurse knows that
this renal problem is characterized by massive proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia, which tells the nurse
to assess for which of the following signs or symptoms?
a. level of consciousness
,b. edema and hyperlipidemia
c. orientation
d. dehydration and weight loss - answer-b. edema and hyperlipidemia
Which of the following causes primary nephrotic syndrome?
a. glomerular disease of the kidney
b. lead poisoning
c. hepatitis
d. childhood cancer or its therapies - answer-a. glomerular disease of the kidney
The nurse is monitoring the lab results of a child with nephrotic syndrome. The child now has elevated
serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels and falling serum protein levels. The IgG levels are diminished.
Red blood cell and platelet concentrations are increased. The nurse realizes that the lab reports indicate
this child is at risk for:
a. anemia
b. bleeding problems
c. coagulation or clotting problems
d. infection - answer-c. coagulation or clotting problems
Which treatment is the mainstay for nephrotic syndrome?
a. antibiotic therapy
b. high-protein diet
c. blood transfusions
d. corticosteroid therapy - answer-d. corticosteroid therapy
You are the nurse assigned to work with a child with nephrotic syndrome. By following the prescribed
treatment regimen, the child experiences a remission. You are now checking to make sure the child does
not have a relapse. Which finding would most lead you to the conclusion that a relapse was happening?
a. a temperature of 37.8 degrees C (100 degrees F), flank pain, burning, frequency, urgency on voiding,
and cloudy urine
,b. a urine dipstick measurement of 2+ proteinuria or more for 3 days, or the child found to have 3-4+
proteinuria plus edema
c. elevated temperature, cough, sore throat, changing complete blood count (CBC) with differential
d. the urine dipstick showing glucose in the urine for 3 days, extreme thirst, increase in urine output, and
a moon face - answer-b. a urine dipstick measurement of 2+ proteinuria or more for 3 days, or the
child found to have 3-4+ proteinuria plus edema
You are the nurse assigned to work with a child with nephrotic syndrome. The parents ask you about
why their child is in reverse isolation. Which of the following is your best response?
a. "Isolation is necessary to keep your child from passing an infection on to others."
b. "This is mainly to keep your child from overexerting and getting an infection."
c. "This isolation is to protect your child from getting an infection from others."
d. "This is the usual practice with children who are on steroids." - answer-c. "This isolation is to protect
your child from getting an infection from others."
A child is recovering at home from nephrotic syndrome and is on a regimen of prednisone and
antibiotics. The child's parents call the pediatric clinic and tell the nurse that their child is gaining a lot of
weight. The nurse will first suspect which of the following possible causes of the weight gain?
a. ravenous appetite as a side effect of steroid therapy
b. sodium retention and concurrent retention of water
c. edema associated with steroid therapy
d. worsening or relapse of the nephrotic syndrome - answer-b. sodium retention and concurrent
retention of water
In which of the following groups is hemolytic uremic syndrome, although rare, most often found? a.
industrialized nations
b. male children
c. children ages 6 months to 3 years old
d. female children - answer-c. children ages 6 months to 3 years old
Which of the following causes is associated with hemolytic uremic syndrome?
, a. Escherichia coli and other pathogens
b. hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis disorders
c. septicemia and associated tricuspid valve vegetation
d. inherited tendency - answer-a. Escherichia coli and other pathogens
Which of the following are prodromal symptoms of hemolytic uremic syndrome?
a. frequency, urgency, pain, and burning on urination with gross blood in a cloudy urine
b. chills, fever, flank pain, elevated blood pressure, pulse, and respirations
c. gastrointestinal symptoms with diarrhea and vomiting or an upper respiratory infection
d. headache, dizziness, loss of energy, edema in dependent parts of the body - answer-c. gastrointestinal
symptoms with diarrhea and vomiting or an upper respiratory infection
Which of the following are the clinical manifestations of hemolytic uremic syndrome?
a. renal failure, thrombocytopenia, and anemia
b. blood in the urine and increased blood pressure
c. frost on the skin and increasing disorientation
d. left-sided heart failure and 4+ pitting edema - answer-a. renal failure, thrombocytopenia, and anemia
The nurse caring for a child with hemolytic uremic syndrome notices that the child's lab reports indicate
a worsening anemia and a falling hematocrit and platelet count. The nurse will most need to plan some
interventions to deal with which of the following problems that the child is most at risk of developing
based on these changes in lab values?
a. edema and electrolyte imbalance
b. bruising, bleeding, and purpura
c. altered levels of consciousness and seizures
d. congestive heart failure - answer-b. bruising, bleeding, and purpura
Which of the following conditions is the most frequent cause of acute renal failure in children? a.
chronic urinary tract infections
b. hemolytic uremic syndrome
LATEST//ALREADY GRADED A+
Which of the following statements best describes a hydrocele?
a. an outpouching on the scrotum that contains water
b. a collection of water or fluid in the foreskin
c. an inguinal hernia containing fluid
d. a collection of fluid in the scrotal sac - answer-d. a collection of fluid in the scrotal sac
Parents of a child admitted to the pediatric ward ask the nurse to tell them what causes acute
glomerulonephritis because the pediatrician has mentioned this as a possible diagnosis. The correct
answer by the nurse would be to tell the family that acute glomerulonephritis is an inflammation of
glomeruli within the kidney caused by which of the following?
a. a bacterial or viral agent invading the child's system
b. habitual failure to flush the kidneys with sufficient fluid
c. an uncommon genetic defect involving a renin deficiency
d. failure of the adrenal glands to produce sufficient aldosterone - answer-a. a bacterial or viral agent
invading the child's system
You are the nurse assigned to care for a child with acute glomerulonephritis. After receiving report and
doing an initial assessment, you check the lab reports. You would not be surprised to find which of the
following signs and symptoms consistent with the diagnosis of acute glomerulonephritis?
a. pale yellow urine in copious amounts, low specific gravity, increased glomerular filtration rate
b. hypotension, dry skin, decreased serum sodium levels, and decreased potassium
c. hematuria, dependent edema, elevated serum sodium, diminished glomerular filtration rate,
proteinuria
d. ketone bodies in the urine, diminished serum sodium, orthostatic hypotension - answer-c. hematuria,
dependent edema, elevated serum sodium, diminished glomerular filtration rate, proteinuria
The nurse is assigned to work with a child diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome. The nurse knows that
this renal problem is characterized by massive proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia, which tells the nurse
to assess for which of the following signs or symptoms?
a. level of consciousness
,b. edema and hyperlipidemia
c. orientation
d. dehydration and weight loss - answer-b. edema and hyperlipidemia
Which of the following causes primary nephrotic syndrome?
a. glomerular disease of the kidney
b. lead poisoning
c. hepatitis
d. childhood cancer or its therapies - answer-a. glomerular disease of the kidney
The nurse is monitoring the lab results of a child with nephrotic syndrome. The child now has elevated
serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels and falling serum protein levels. The IgG levels are diminished.
Red blood cell and platelet concentrations are increased. The nurse realizes that the lab reports indicate
this child is at risk for:
a. anemia
b. bleeding problems
c. coagulation or clotting problems
d. infection - answer-c. coagulation or clotting problems
Which treatment is the mainstay for nephrotic syndrome?
a. antibiotic therapy
b. high-protein diet
c. blood transfusions
d. corticosteroid therapy - answer-d. corticosteroid therapy
You are the nurse assigned to work with a child with nephrotic syndrome. By following the prescribed
treatment regimen, the child experiences a remission. You are now checking to make sure the child does
not have a relapse. Which finding would most lead you to the conclusion that a relapse was happening?
a. a temperature of 37.8 degrees C (100 degrees F), flank pain, burning, frequency, urgency on voiding,
and cloudy urine
,b. a urine dipstick measurement of 2+ proteinuria or more for 3 days, or the child found to have 3-4+
proteinuria plus edema
c. elevated temperature, cough, sore throat, changing complete blood count (CBC) with differential
d. the urine dipstick showing glucose in the urine for 3 days, extreme thirst, increase in urine output, and
a moon face - answer-b. a urine dipstick measurement of 2+ proteinuria or more for 3 days, or the
child found to have 3-4+ proteinuria plus edema
You are the nurse assigned to work with a child with nephrotic syndrome. The parents ask you about
why their child is in reverse isolation. Which of the following is your best response?
a. "Isolation is necessary to keep your child from passing an infection on to others."
b. "This is mainly to keep your child from overexerting and getting an infection."
c. "This isolation is to protect your child from getting an infection from others."
d. "This is the usual practice with children who are on steroids." - answer-c. "This isolation is to protect
your child from getting an infection from others."
A child is recovering at home from nephrotic syndrome and is on a regimen of prednisone and
antibiotics. The child's parents call the pediatric clinic and tell the nurse that their child is gaining a lot of
weight. The nurse will first suspect which of the following possible causes of the weight gain?
a. ravenous appetite as a side effect of steroid therapy
b. sodium retention and concurrent retention of water
c. edema associated with steroid therapy
d. worsening or relapse of the nephrotic syndrome - answer-b. sodium retention and concurrent
retention of water
In which of the following groups is hemolytic uremic syndrome, although rare, most often found? a.
industrialized nations
b. male children
c. children ages 6 months to 3 years old
d. female children - answer-c. children ages 6 months to 3 years old
Which of the following causes is associated with hemolytic uremic syndrome?
, a. Escherichia coli and other pathogens
b. hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis disorders
c. septicemia and associated tricuspid valve vegetation
d. inherited tendency - answer-a. Escherichia coli and other pathogens
Which of the following are prodromal symptoms of hemolytic uremic syndrome?
a. frequency, urgency, pain, and burning on urination with gross blood in a cloudy urine
b. chills, fever, flank pain, elevated blood pressure, pulse, and respirations
c. gastrointestinal symptoms with diarrhea and vomiting or an upper respiratory infection
d. headache, dizziness, loss of energy, edema in dependent parts of the body - answer-c. gastrointestinal
symptoms with diarrhea and vomiting or an upper respiratory infection
Which of the following are the clinical manifestations of hemolytic uremic syndrome?
a. renal failure, thrombocytopenia, and anemia
b. blood in the urine and increased blood pressure
c. frost on the skin and increasing disorientation
d. left-sided heart failure and 4+ pitting edema - answer-a. renal failure, thrombocytopenia, and anemia
The nurse caring for a child with hemolytic uremic syndrome notices that the child's lab reports indicate
a worsening anemia and a falling hematocrit and platelet count. The nurse will most need to plan some
interventions to deal with which of the following problems that the child is most at risk of developing
based on these changes in lab values?
a. edema and electrolyte imbalance
b. bruising, bleeding, and purpura
c. altered levels of consciousness and seizures
d. congestive heart failure - answer-b. bruising, bleeding, and purpura
Which of the following conditions is the most frequent cause of acute renal failure in children? a.
chronic urinary tract infections
b. hemolytic uremic syndrome
