CCD Exam: Questions With Correct Solutions (Rated
A+)
Lumbar spine correct positioning Right Ans - Center pt on table
Align pt w scanner axis
Raise legs w block
Lumbar spine image should include the middle of T__ to the middle of L__
with both illiac crests visible. Right Ans - T12-L5
Proximal femur correct positioning Right Ans - Place feet into device
Internally rotate leg to specified angle
Place shaft of femur parallel to scanner axis
Proximal femur image should include a straight femoral shaft, greater
trochanter, and the ischium. The __________ __________ should be small or not
seen to indicate proper internal rotation of the leg. Right Ans - lesser
trochanter
Positioning of non-dominant radius and ulna should be aligned with long
axis of table and the ________ site radius should be used for diagnosis.
Right Ans - 33% (1/3)
Postitioning of Total Body DXA should be according to the ____________
method. Right Ans - NHANES
Palms down isolated from body
Feet neutral
Ankles strapped
Arms straight or slightly angled
Face up with neutral chin
PEAR method of standardized approach to evaluating DXA images Right
Ans - Positioning • Is the patient correctly positioned? • Is hip internal
rotation appropriate?
Edges • Do the bone edges/bone map correctly include only bone?
Artifacts • Are any present? Might they affect the BMD result?
Regions of interest • Check intervertebral markers, vertebral numbering,
femoral neck region placement
, The bone composition of the spine is mostly ______________. Right Ans -
cancellous
The bone composition of the femoral neck is mostly _____________. Right
Ans - cortical
The bone composition of the 1/3 (33%) radius is mostly ___________.
Right Ans - cortical
The bone composition of the total hip is ______________. Right Ans - mixed
Another term for trabecular bone is ____________ bone. Right Ans -
cancellous
When it comes to scanning the forearm, scan the ________________ side unless
asymmetric arthritis or old fracture. Right Ans - non-dominant
Utilize the ___________ T-score for diagnosis. Right Ans - lowest
BMD is measured in ________. Right Ans - g/cm2
Do not report individual vertebral T-scores, instead report __________ if no
exclusions. Right Ans - L1-L4
Anatomically abnormal vertebrae may be excluded from analysis if they are
clearly non-assessable or if there is more than a ___ SD T-score difference
between the vertebra in question and adjacent vertebrae. Right Ans - 1
Degenerative disease, ankylosing spondylitis, calcified aorta, compression
fractures, hardware, and GI contrast are examples of _____________ that would
increase BMD. Right Ans - artifacts
A laminectomy is one of the few artifacts that would make for a ___________
BMD. Right Ans - lower
Generally accepted methods of diagnosing osteoporosis are... Right Ans -
1. By DXA (T-score -2.5 or below)
2. Low-trauma spine or hip fracture (regardless of BMD)
A+)
Lumbar spine correct positioning Right Ans - Center pt on table
Align pt w scanner axis
Raise legs w block
Lumbar spine image should include the middle of T__ to the middle of L__
with both illiac crests visible. Right Ans - T12-L5
Proximal femur correct positioning Right Ans - Place feet into device
Internally rotate leg to specified angle
Place shaft of femur parallel to scanner axis
Proximal femur image should include a straight femoral shaft, greater
trochanter, and the ischium. The __________ __________ should be small or not
seen to indicate proper internal rotation of the leg. Right Ans - lesser
trochanter
Positioning of non-dominant radius and ulna should be aligned with long
axis of table and the ________ site radius should be used for diagnosis.
Right Ans - 33% (1/3)
Postitioning of Total Body DXA should be according to the ____________
method. Right Ans - NHANES
Palms down isolated from body
Feet neutral
Ankles strapped
Arms straight or slightly angled
Face up with neutral chin
PEAR method of standardized approach to evaluating DXA images Right
Ans - Positioning • Is the patient correctly positioned? • Is hip internal
rotation appropriate?
Edges • Do the bone edges/bone map correctly include only bone?
Artifacts • Are any present? Might they affect the BMD result?
Regions of interest • Check intervertebral markers, vertebral numbering,
femoral neck region placement
, The bone composition of the spine is mostly ______________. Right Ans -
cancellous
The bone composition of the femoral neck is mostly _____________. Right
Ans - cortical
The bone composition of the 1/3 (33%) radius is mostly ___________.
Right Ans - cortical
The bone composition of the total hip is ______________. Right Ans - mixed
Another term for trabecular bone is ____________ bone. Right Ans -
cancellous
When it comes to scanning the forearm, scan the ________________ side unless
asymmetric arthritis or old fracture. Right Ans - non-dominant
Utilize the ___________ T-score for diagnosis. Right Ans - lowest
BMD is measured in ________. Right Ans - g/cm2
Do not report individual vertebral T-scores, instead report __________ if no
exclusions. Right Ans - L1-L4
Anatomically abnormal vertebrae may be excluded from analysis if they are
clearly non-assessable or if there is more than a ___ SD T-score difference
between the vertebra in question and adjacent vertebrae. Right Ans - 1
Degenerative disease, ankylosing spondylitis, calcified aorta, compression
fractures, hardware, and GI contrast are examples of _____________ that would
increase BMD. Right Ans - artifacts
A laminectomy is one of the few artifacts that would make for a ___________
BMD. Right Ans - lower
Generally accepted methods of diagnosing osteoporosis are... Right Ans -
1. By DXA (T-score -2.5 or below)
2. Low-trauma spine or hip fracture (regardless of BMD)
