LAT LABORATORY ANIMAL TECHNICIAN (2024-
2025 ) QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
Blood Volume - <<<Answers>>>Total Blood Volume = 6%
of body weight (varies depening on species, age, sex, etc.);
Guideline used when sampling frequently (volume equal to no
more than 1% of an animal's body weight can be taken every
two weeks; ie: 3kg rabbit = 30ml blood
Gastric Intubation (Gavage) - <<<Answers>>>Most often
used for rodents but can be used in larger animals; Gavage
tupe attached to hypodermic syringe; hold animal in proper
position Insert tube at approximately 45 degree angle (do not
force tube); withdraw and start again if resistance is met while
inserting the tube; use gag to prevent chewing of tube; avoid
trachea; Ginea pig and Chinchilla - palatal ostium
Genetics - <<<Answers>>>the science of heredity; to breed
lab animals successfully, basic knowledge of genetics and
reproduction is required; breeding system selected must met
the requirements of the research program for which the
animals are being bred and must correlate with the behavioral
characteristics of the species
Heredity - <<<Answers>>>hereditary characteristics are
determined by units called genes, carried on chromosomes;
genes are transmitted from 1 generation to the next, through
asexual or sexual reproduction; genes are found in cell nuclei
and composed of DNA; Every characteristic of an organism,
from hair color to heart size, is determined by parental genes
,LAT LABORATORY ANIMAL TECHNICIAN (2024-
2025 ) QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
Homozygote (Homozygous) - <<<Answers>>>When both
genes of a pair are the same for that gene: AA/aa
Heterozygote (Heterozygote) - <<<Answers>>>When genes
at the same locus are different for that gene
Ploidy - <<<Answers>>>The number of copies of each
chromosome in a cell; diploid = 2 copies (animals a lot of
times have diploid); Haploid= 1 copy (sperm and egg cells)
Caesarean - Microbial Status - <<<Answers>>>Derived or
Caesarean-Origin: mammals delivered by surgical means
Barrier-Reared or Barrier-Sustained - Microbial Status -
<<<Answers>>>raised in a controlled microbial barrier,
which prevents the entrance of pathogenic organisms
Isolator- Equipment and Supplies - <<<Answers>>>rigid type
- stainless steel or plexiglass & flexible type - clear plastic
film
Individual Micro-Isolator™ - <<<Answers>>>shoebox-type
plastic cages that have a hard plastic lid with a special filter
Barrier is at the cage level. One disadvantage is that air
exchange may be reduced.
,LAT LABORATORY ANIMAL TECHNICIAN (2024-
2025 ) QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
Ventilated cage racks - <<<Answers>>>supply HEPA filtered
air Supply a constant flow of fresh air to the animals, which
reduces ammonia and carbon dioxide levels inside the cage;
Provide either positive or negative pressure inside the cage;
Sterilized food, water and bedding done by packaging food
and water in a supply cylinder (unless irradiated)/ Air is
sterilized by passing it through special HEPA filters.
Conventional Animals - <<<Answers>>>Wear gloves and
either a clean lab coat or clothing worn only inside facility.
Food and water free from pathogens but not sterile.
Equipment and cages sanitized to kill pathogens. Relatively
inexpensive to produce and maintain. Research not type that is
affected by the microbes or the minor response variations
caused by those microbes. Useful in experiments measuring
rate drug is absorbed across skin. Not in experiments in which
fine differences in immune system's response to bacteria are
measured
Specific Pathogen Free - <<<Answers>>>Defined by specific
microbes they lack. •Safeguards prevent them from being
contaminated. Access to the rooms housing these animals is
usually restricted. Shower before entering and/or wear special
clothing. •Supplies are usually sterilized. •Common bacteria
and viruses may still be in the environment without affecting
SPF status. •Monitoring includes tests for pathogens the
animal should be free from. Investigations of a disease caused
by a specific pathogen require animals free of that disease.
, LAT LABORATORY ANIMAL TECHNICIAN (2024-
2025 ) QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
Research involving diseases known to be influenced by the
presence of specific pathogens
Gnotobiotic and Axenic - <<<Answers>>>Produced by
surgically removing young from mother's sterile uterus just
prior to birth. Gnotobiotic animals are associated with
bacteria, which enhance digestion but do not cause disease.
Food has > amounts of vitamins and other nutrients. Vitamins
A, C, K, thiamine, and pyroxidine are partially destroyed by
the heat of sterilization process. Special nutritional needs,
because the bacteria that help produce vitamins in the
intestines normally are missing. Sensitive immunological and
biochemical studies are typical of the types of research that
require the use of axenic or gnotobiotic animals.
Infectious disease - <<<Answers>>>caused by living agents
that invade the bodies of animals, often causing them to
become ill; Infected animals are called hosts. Dealing with
microscopic organisms difficult, detected only after signs of
disease develop.
Contagious disease - <<<Answers>>>transmitted directly or
indirectly, from an infected animal to a healthy one; Most
infectious diseases are contagious.
For a contagious disease, what is the difference between direct
and indirect contact? - <<<Answers>>>Direct contact =
infected animals must touch one another.
2025 ) QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
Blood Volume - <<<Answers>>>Total Blood Volume = 6%
of body weight (varies depening on species, age, sex, etc.);
Guideline used when sampling frequently (volume equal to no
more than 1% of an animal's body weight can be taken every
two weeks; ie: 3kg rabbit = 30ml blood
Gastric Intubation (Gavage) - <<<Answers>>>Most often
used for rodents but can be used in larger animals; Gavage
tupe attached to hypodermic syringe; hold animal in proper
position Insert tube at approximately 45 degree angle (do not
force tube); withdraw and start again if resistance is met while
inserting the tube; use gag to prevent chewing of tube; avoid
trachea; Ginea pig and Chinchilla - palatal ostium
Genetics - <<<Answers>>>the science of heredity; to breed
lab animals successfully, basic knowledge of genetics and
reproduction is required; breeding system selected must met
the requirements of the research program for which the
animals are being bred and must correlate with the behavioral
characteristics of the species
Heredity - <<<Answers>>>hereditary characteristics are
determined by units called genes, carried on chromosomes;
genes are transmitted from 1 generation to the next, through
asexual or sexual reproduction; genes are found in cell nuclei
and composed of DNA; Every characteristic of an organism,
from hair color to heart size, is determined by parental genes
,LAT LABORATORY ANIMAL TECHNICIAN (2024-
2025 ) QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
Homozygote (Homozygous) - <<<Answers>>>When both
genes of a pair are the same for that gene: AA/aa
Heterozygote (Heterozygote) - <<<Answers>>>When genes
at the same locus are different for that gene
Ploidy - <<<Answers>>>The number of copies of each
chromosome in a cell; diploid = 2 copies (animals a lot of
times have diploid); Haploid= 1 copy (sperm and egg cells)
Caesarean - Microbial Status - <<<Answers>>>Derived or
Caesarean-Origin: mammals delivered by surgical means
Barrier-Reared or Barrier-Sustained - Microbial Status -
<<<Answers>>>raised in a controlled microbial barrier,
which prevents the entrance of pathogenic organisms
Isolator- Equipment and Supplies - <<<Answers>>>rigid type
- stainless steel or plexiglass & flexible type - clear plastic
film
Individual Micro-Isolator™ - <<<Answers>>>shoebox-type
plastic cages that have a hard plastic lid with a special filter
Barrier is at the cage level. One disadvantage is that air
exchange may be reduced.
,LAT LABORATORY ANIMAL TECHNICIAN (2024-
2025 ) QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
Ventilated cage racks - <<<Answers>>>supply HEPA filtered
air Supply a constant flow of fresh air to the animals, which
reduces ammonia and carbon dioxide levels inside the cage;
Provide either positive or negative pressure inside the cage;
Sterilized food, water and bedding done by packaging food
and water in a supply cylinder (unless irradiated)/ Air is
sterilized by passing it through special HEPA filters.
Conventional Animals - <<<Answers>>>Wear gloves and
either a clean lab coat or clothing worn only inside facility.
Food and water free from pathogens but not sterile.
Equipment and cages sanitized to kill pathogens. Relatively
inexpensive to produce and maintain. Research not type that is
affected by the microbes or the minor response variations
caused by those microbes. Useful in experiments measuring
rate drug is absorbed across skin. Not in experiments in which
fine differences in immune system's response to bacteria are
measured
Specific Pathogen Free - <<<Answers>>>Defined by specific
microbes they lack. •Safeguards prevent them from being
contaminated. Access to the rooms housing these animals is
usually restricted. Shower before entering and/or wear special
clothing. •Supplies are usually sterilized. •Common bacteria
and viruses may still be in the environment without affecting
SPF status. •Monitoring includes tests for pathogens the
animal should be free from. Investigations of a disease caused
by a specific pathogen require animals free of that disease.
, LAT LABORATORY ANIMAL TECHNICIAN (2024-
2025 ) QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
Research involving diseases known to be influenced by the
presence of specific pathogens
Gnotobiotic and Axenic - <<<Answers>>>Produced by
surgically removing young from mother's sterile uterus just
prior to birth. Gnotobiotic animals are associated with
bacteria, which enhance digestion but do not cause disease.
Food has > amounts of vitamins and other nutrients. Vitamins
A, C, K, thiamine, and pyroxidine are partially destroyed by
the heat of sterilization process. Special nutritional needs,
because the bacteria that help produce vitamins in the
intestines normally are missing. Sensitive immunological and
biochemical studies are typical of the types of research that
require the use of axenic or gnotobiotic animals.
Infectious disease - <<<Answers>>>caused by living agents
that invade the bodies of animals, often causing them to
become ill; Infected animals are called hosts. Dealing with
microscopic organisms difficult, detected only after signs of
disease develop.
Contagious disease - <<<Answers>>>transmitted directly or
indirectly, from an infected animal to a healthy one; Most
infectious diseases are contagious.
For a contagious disease, what is the difference between direct
and indirect contact? - <<<Answers>>>Direct contact =
infected animals must touch one another.
