ANT 2100 Midterm – FSU Exam Set
Questions & Revised Correct Detailed
Answers
1. Technology - ANSWER sum of a society's shared knowledge of how to
make things and extract resources
2. Cultural (def) - ANSWER Integrated system of beliefs, traditions, and
customs that govern or influence a person's behavior.
- Culture is: learned, shared by a members of a group, and symbolic
- Apache ex: preferred one large living/cooking area
3. Anthropologists study cultures in what 2 ways? - ANSWER 1. Ideational
perspective
2. Adaptive perspective
4. Ideational perspective - ANSWER Focus on ideas, symbols, and mental
structures as driving forces in shaping human behavior.
5. Adaptive perspective - ANSWER Isolates technology, ecology,
demography, and economics as the key factors defining human behavior.
, 6. Processual paradigm - ANSWER The paradigm that explains social,
economic, and cultural change as primarily the result of adaptation to material
conditions.
- External conditions (for example, the environment) are assumed to take
causal priority over ideational factors in explaining change.
7. Postprocessual paradigm - ANSWER Focuses on humanistic approaches
and rejects scientific objectivity;
- more concerned with interpreting the past than testing hypotheses.
8. Provenience - ANSWER where an object comes from at a site
- the most important thing about an artifact is it's provenience
9. Provenance - ANSWER the history of ownership - the source of its origin
10. Channel Flake - ANSWER A thin, sharp sliver of stone removed from a
core during the knapping process.
11. Factors determining preservation - ANSWER The exact procedures in any
excavation depend on several factors - kind of materials that have survived the
passage of time.
12. Datum - ANSWER also known as "Zero point"
,- a fixed reference used to keep control on an excavation; controls both the
vertical and horizontal dimensions of provenience.
13. Levels - ANSWER the individual conditions or values that make up a
factor
(Natural levels or Arbitrary levels)
14. Natural levels - ANSWER are the site's strata which are more or less
homogeneous, visually separable from other levels by a change in texture, color,
rock, or organic content.
- Archaeologists prefer to excavate in Natural levels if possible
15. Arbitrary levels - ANSWER are basic vertical subdivisions of an excavation
square.
- They are used only when recognizable "natural" strata are lacking and when
natural strata are more than 10cm
16. Taphonomy - ANSWER The study of how bones and other materials
come to be buried in the earth and preserved as fossils.
17. Survey Methods: - ANSWER surveys, sampling
18. Sampling - ANSWER Sampling strategies: are designed around research
questions and meant to provide access to data.
, - No single method is most appropriate.
- Sampling methods can and should be adjusted as necessary
19. Statistical Population - ANSWER A set of counts, measurements, or
characteristics about which important inquiries are to be made
20. Lidar - ANSWER An instrument used for light detecting and ranging.,
using laser pulses to reflect off the ground. (Maya city picture)
Shovel Testing - ANSWER low tech method to uncover everything
underneath for the visual eye to see.
least cost path - ANSWER A path between source and destination that has
the least cost (picture example)
Chacoan Roads - ANSWER - Ancient road system covering 250,000 square
km
- roads are challenging and do not avoid terrain; meaning that they weren't only
part of the chacon economy
- hypothesis - movement of foods across paths
archaeological site - ANSWER the place of an archaeological investigation
where evidence of past activity is uncovered and preserved
archaeological record - ANSWER all material objects constructed by humans
or near-humans revealed by archaeology
Questions & Revised Correct Detailed
Answers
1. Technology - ANSWER sum of a society's shared knowledge of how to
make things and extract resources
2. Cultural (def) - ANSWER Integrated system of beliefs, traditions, and
customs that govern or influence a person's behavior.
- Culture is: learned, shared by a members of a group, and symbolic
- Apache ex: preferred one large living/cooking area
3. Anthropologists study cultures in what 2 ways? - ANSWER 1. Ideational
perspective
2. Adaptive perspective
4. Ideational perspective - ANSWER Focus on ideas, symbols, and mental
structures as driving forces in shaping human behavior.
5. Adaptive perspective - ANSWER Isolates technology, ecology,
demography, and economics as the key factors defining human behavior.
, 6. Processual paradigm - ANSWER The paradigm that explains social,
economic, and cultural change as primarily the result of adaptation to material
conditions.
- External conditions (for example, the environment) are assumed to take
causal priority over ideational factors in explaining change.
7. Postprocessual paradigm - ANSWER Focuses on humanistic approaches
and rejects scientific objectivity;
- more concerned with interpreting the past than testing hypotheses.
8. Provenience - ANSWER where an object comes from at a site
- the most important thing about an artifact is it's provenience
9. Provenance - ANSWER the history of ownership - the source of its origin
10. Channel Flake - ANSWER A thin, sharp sliver of stone removed from a
core during the knapping process.
11. Factors determining preservation - ANSWER The exact procedures in any
excavation depend on several factors - kind of materials that have survived the
passage of time.
12. Datum - ANSWER also known as "Zero point"
,- a fixed reference used to keep control on an excavation; controls both the
vertical and horizontal dimensions of provenience.
13. Levels - ANSWER the individual conditions or values that make up a
factor
(Natural levels or Arbitrary levels)
14. Natural levels - ANSWER are the site's strata which are more or less
homogeneous, visually separable from other levels by a change in texture, color,
rock, or organic content.
- Archaeologists prefer to excavate in Natural levels if possible
15. Arbitrary levels - ANSWER are basic vertical subdivisions of an excavation
square.
- They are used only when recognizable "natural" strata are lacking and when
natural strata are more than 10cm
16. Taphonomy - ANSWER The study of how bones and other materials
come to be buried in the earth and preserved as fossils.
17. Survey Methods: - ANSWER surveys, sampling
18. Sampling - ANSWER Sampling strategies: are designed around research
questions and meant to provide access to data.
, - No single method is most appropriate.
- Sampling methods can and should be adjusted as necessary
19. Statistical Population - ANSWER A set of counts, measurements, or
characteristics about which important inquiries are to be made
20. Lidar - ANSWER An instrument used for light detecting and ranging.,
using laser pulses to reflect off the ground. (Maya city picture)
Shovel Testing - ANSWER low tech method to uncover everything
underneath for the visual eye to see.
least cost path - ANSWER A path between source and destination that has
the least cost (picture example)
Chacoan Roads - ANSWER - Ancient road system covering 250,000 square
km
- roads are challenging and do not avoid terrain; meaning that they weren't only
part of the chacon economy
- hypothesis - movement of foods across paths
archaeological site - ANSWER the place of an archaeological investigation
where evidence of past activity is uncovered and preserved
archaeological record - ANSWER all material objects constructed by humans
or near-humans revealed by archaeology
