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TCEQ CLASS B SURFACE WATER B EXAM AND STUDY
GUIDE LATEST VERSION THIS YEAR ALL 350 QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED SOLUTIONS
TCEQ CLASS B SURFACE WATER B EXAM 1
Question: What is chlorine Demand? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔The amount of chlorine used up to
completely react with the water and its suspended or dissolve material
Question: What is chlorine residual? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔When all the demand of the water
is met any additional chlorine produces a chlorine residual
Question: What is chlorine dosage? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Demand plus residual is the
chlorine dosage. Chlorine Dosage = Demand + Residual
Question: What determines rate of disinfection? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Chlorine
concentration and contact time determines the rate and degree of disinfection. If concentration
increases, the time can be reduced; if concentration is reduced the time must be increased.
Question: How does temperature effect chlorine effectiveness? - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔Chlorine effectiveness is greater at higher temperatures, up to the point that
chlorine volatizes. At low temperature, chlorine is more stable, but disinfection time increases.
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Question: Is removing turbidity important for disinfection? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Turbidity
must be removed to low levels by sedimentation and filtration to allow chlorine to contact
pathogens.
Question: What happens to dissolved solids on contact with chlorine? - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔Dissolved solids are oxidized on contact further reinforcing the importance of
contact time.
Question: No residual is formed until reducing agents are destroyed. What are examples of
reducing agents? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Manganese, iron, turbidity, organic matter, ammonia,
or nitrates
What is the most important factor affecting the useful life of service lines? - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔It is the ability of the material to resist internal and external corrosion
Question: When does Suction Head exist? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Suction head exists when the
source of supply is above the centerline of the pump.
Question: What is Net positive Suction Head (NPSH) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔NPSH is the
pressure under which water enters the eye of the impeller in a centrifugal pump. Insufficient
NPSH is the main cause of pump cavitation
Question: Explain and expand on Chlorine Dioxide (what it reacts with, oxidizes, etc) - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔Chlorine Dioxide is a gas used in small quantities to disinfect water. It does not
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react with organics to form THMs and HAAs. It oxidizes phenols, manganese, iron, sulfurous and
organic compounds which aids in the removal of tastes and odors. It is a very effective
bactericide and a superior virocide. It dies not combine with ammonia. Chlorine Dioxide MRDL
is .8 mg/L and monitoring procedures are the same as for chlorine. The Chlorite MCL is .q mg/L
and must be monitored daily.
Question: What is texas drinking water pH requirements? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔The texas
drinking water requirements require a pH > 7.0 for the water treatment plant finished water.
EPA requires that pH analysis be preformed within 15 minutes of the sample being caught.
Question: How does pH affect Chlorine activity? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔When chlorine is
added to water it forms hypochlorous acid (HOCL) and hydrochloric acid (OCL). The
hypochlorous acid is the effective disinfectant. At a pH of 4.0 there is 100% hypochlorous acid.
At a pH of 11 there is 100% hypochlorite ion. At a pH of 7, the hypochlorous acid is at about 80%
and the hypochlorite ion makes up about 20% of the chlorine content. The lower the pH is more
effective chlorine is because you have more hypochlorous acid.
Question: What is meant by water stability? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Stable water is defined as
water that will neither deposit or dissolve a calcium carbonate film or scale. Since no water is
stable indefinitely, chemical treatment of water usually is intended to produce water that is
slightly scale forming without being liable to cause stoppages in small lines and services. Bayliss
curve is the simplest determination of stability. The Langelier saturation index is also used.
Question: What/how are above ground tanks and piping protected from corrosion? - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔Corrosion protection for above ground tanks and piping is prevented by: cathodic
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protection, use if protective linings/coatings, eliminating different types of metals in the
distribution system, and treating the water with chemicals to make it less corrosive
Question: How do you tests fir alkalinity? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔The two tritiation methods of
analysis are a standard acid to titrate a sample. The end point of the titration is determined by
the following: an indicator that changes color at a certain pH, or potentiometric titration to end
- point pH. Using either of the methods, a measured amount of sample is titrated with a
standard sulfuric acid to a predetermined pH. Nomograph are a graphical form of determining
alkalinity. If the pH, total alkalinity, temperature and total dissolved solids are known, any or all
of the alkalinity forms may be estimated.
Question: What is Turbidity? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Turbidity can be described as a measure
of the relative clarity of water. Turbidity is an expression of the optical property that causes light
to be scattered and absorbed rather than transmitted in straight lines through the sample.
Question: What causes Turbidity? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Turbidity is caused by clay, slit, finely
divided organic and inorganic material. Other suspended matter and microscopic organisms can
also cause turbidity. There is one approved method for running turbidity - the Nephelometric
Method (NTU)
TCEQ CLASS B SURFACE WATER B EXAM AND STUDY
GUIDE LATEST VERSION THIS YEAR ALL 350 QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED SOLUTIONS
TCEQ CLASS B SURFACE WATER B EXAM 1
Question: What is chlorine Demand? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔The amount of chlorine used up to
completely react with the water and its suspended or dissolve material
Question: What is chlorine residual? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔When all the demand of the water
is met any additional chlorine produces a chlorine residual
Question: What is chlorine dosage? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Demand plus residual is the
chlorine dosage. Chlorine Dosage = Demand + Residual
Question: What determines rate of disinfection? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Chlorine
concentration and contact time determines the rate and degree of disinfection. If concentration
increases, the time can be reduced; if concentration is reduced the time must be increased.
Question: How does temperature effect chlorine effectiveness? - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔Chlorine effectiveness is greater at higher temperatures, up to the point that
chlorine volatizes. At low temperature, chlorine is more stable, but disinfection time increases.
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Question: Is removing turbidity important for disinfection? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Turbidity
must be removed to low levels by sedimentation and filtration to allow chlorine to contact
pathogens.
Question: What happens to dissolved solids on contact with chlorine? - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔Dissolved solids are oxidized on contact further reinforcing the importance of
contact time.
Question: No residual is formed until reducing agents are destroyed. What are examples of
reducing agents? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Manganese, iron, turbidity, organic matter, ammonia,
or nitrates
What is the most important factor affecting the useful life of service lines? - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔It is the ability of the material to resist internal and external corrosion
Question: When does Suction Head exist? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Suction head exists when the
source of supply is above the centerline of the pump.
Question: What is Net positive Suction Head (NPSH) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔NPSH is the
pressure under which water enters the eye of the impeller in a centrifugal pump. Insufficient
NPSH is the main cause of pump cavitation
Question: Explain and expand on Chlorine Dioxide (what it reacts with, oxidizes, etc) - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔Chlorine Dioxide is a gas used in small quantities to disinfect water. It does not
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react with organics to form THMs and HAAs. It oxidizes phenols, manganese, iron, sulfurous and
organic compounds which aids in the removal of tastes and odors. It is a very effective
bactericide and a superior virocide. It dies not combine with ammonia. Chlorine Dioxide MRDL
is .8 mg/L and monitoring procedures are the same as for chlorine. The Chlorite MCL is .q mg/L
and must be monitored daily.
Question: What is texas drinking water pH requirements? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔The texas
drinking water requirements require a pH > 7.0 for the water treatment plant finished water.
EPA requires that pH analysis be preformed within 15 minutes of the sample being caught.
Question: How does pH affect Chlorine activity? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔When chlorine is
added to water it forms hypochlorous acid (HOCL) and hydrochloric acid (OCL). The
hypochlorous acid is the effective disinfectant. At a pH of 4.0 there is 100% hypochlorous acid.
At a pH of 11 there is 100% hypochlorite ion. At a pH of 7, the hypochlorous acid is at about 80%
and the hypochlorite ion makes up about 20% of the chlorine content. The lower the pH is more
effective chlorine is because you have more hypochlorous acid.
Question: What is meant by water stability? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Stable water is defined as
water that will neither deposit or dissolve a calcium carbonate film or scale. Since no water is
stable indefinitely, chemical treatment of water usually is intended to produce water that is
slightly scale forming without being liable to cause stoppages in small lines and services. Bayliss
curve is the simplest determination of stability. The Langelier saturation index is also used.
Question: What/how are above ground tanks and piping protected from corrosion? - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔Corrosion protection for above ground tanks and piping is prevented by: cathodic
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protection, use if protective linings/coatings, eliminating different types of metals in the
distribution system, and treating the water with chemicals to make it less corrosive
Question: How do you tests fir alkalinity? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔The two tritiation methods of
analysis are a standard acid to titrate a sample. The end point of the titration is determined by
the following: an indicator that changes color at a certain pH, or potentiometric titration to end
- point pH. Using either of the methods, a measured amount of sample is titrated with a
standard sulfuric acid to a predetermined pH. Nomograph are a graphical form of determining
alkalinity. If the pH, total alkalinity, temperature and total dissolved solids are known, any or all
of the alkalinity forms may be estimated.
Question: What is Turbidity? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Turbidity can be described as a measure
of the relative clarity of water. Turbidity is an expression of the optical property that causes light
to be scattered and absorbed rather than transmitted in straight lines through the sample.
Question: What causes Turbidity? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Turbidity is caused by clay, slit, finely
divided organic and inorganic material. Other suspended matter and microscopic organisms can
also cause turbidity. There is one approved method for running turbidity - the Nephelometric
Method (NTU)
