Fundamentals Chapter 29: Infection
Control and Prevention Practice
Questions And Correct Answers.
A patient reporting itching and tingling arrives at the hospital. The nurse suspects a herpes simplex
infection and keeps the patient in an isolation room. What would be the patient's stage of infection?
1
Illness stage
2
Convalescence
3
Prodromal stage
4
Incubation period - Answer 3
The prodromal stage is the interval from onset of nonspecific signs and symptoms to more specific
symptoms. During this stage, microorganisms grow and multiply and the patient may be capable of
spreading the disease to others. Therefore, the patient may be in an isolation room to reduce the spread
of infection. The illness stage is the interval when a patient manifests signs and symptoms that are
specific to a type of infection. The convalescence stage is the interval when acute symptoms of an
infection disappear. The incubation period is the first stage of the infection process; it is the Interval
between the entrance of the pathogen into the body and the appearance of the first symptoms.
What major infections are caused by Escherichia coli? Select all that apply.
1
Hepatitis A
2
Pneumonia
3
Gastroenteritis
,4
Food poisoning
5
Urinary tract infections - Answer 3, 5
Gastroenteritis and urinary tract infections are major infections caused by Escherichia coli. The hepatitis
A virus causes Hepatitis A. Pneumonia and food poisoning are major infections caused by Staphylococcus
aureus.
A patient is suspected of having mumps. In which order do the stages of infection occur?
1.
Occurrence of pain and a headache
2.
Identification of rubella virus
3.
Invasion of the pathogen into the body
4.
Disappearance of a high fever and parotid swellings
5.
Occurrence of a high fever and parotid swelling
6.
Occurrence of symptoms such as malaise and fatigue - Answer 3, 1, 6, 5, 2, 4
The incubation period is the first stage of the infection process. This period is marked by pain and a
headache. This is followed by the prodromal stage, the interval from the onset of nonspecific signs and
symptoms such as malaise and fatigue to more specific symptoms. The interval when a patient manifests
signs and symptoms specific to type of infection, such as a high fever and parotid swelling is the illness
stage. The causative agent may be identified. Convalescence is the interval when acute symptoms of
infection disappear.
A registered nurse teaches a nursing student about normal flora. Which statement of the nursing student
indicates a need for further learning?
,1
Normal flora of the large intestine exist in large numbers.
2
Normal flora maintain a sensitive balance with other microbes.
3
A healthy person excretes trillions of microbes daily through the intestines.
4
Normal flora may cause disease when residing in their usual area of the body. - Answer 4
Normal flora do not usually cause disease when they reside in their usual area of the body. Normal flora
exist in large numbers in the large intestine without causing any illness. These flora maintain a sensitive
balance with other microorganisms to prevent infection. A person normally excretes trillions of microbes
daily through the intestines
In which order does the chain of infection cycle occur chronologically?
1.
Host
2.
Portal to exit
3.
Reservoir
4.
Portal to entry
5.
Infectious agent
6.
Mode of transmission - Answer 5, 3, 2, 6, 4, 1
Infection occurs in a cycle that depends on the presence infectious agents, reservoirs, portal to exit,
mode of transmission, portal to entry, and host. First, infectious agents choose a reservoir to multiply.
, After multiplying, they exit through sites such as the skin, urinary tract, and reproductive tract. These
agents find different modes of transmission to enter the host.
A registered nurse teaches a student nurse about how age influences infection prevention and control.
Which statements made by the nursing student indicate the need for further learning? Select all that
apply.
1
"The immune system declines as the child grows."
2
"Adults in old-age have decreased cell-mediated immunity."
3
"Middle-aged adults have refined defenses against infections."
4
"An infant's immune system produces a large amount of immunoglobulins."
5
"Infants who are breastfed have greater immunity than bottle-fed infants." - Answer 1, 4
The immune system of the child matures with age. An infant's immune system is incapable of producing
immunoglobulins and white blood cells. Cell-mediated immunity decreases with an increase in age
because older adults experience alterations in the structure and function of body parts. Young and
middle-aged adults have refined defenses and immunity against infections. Breastfed infants receive
antibodies through breast milk; these infants have greater immunity than infants who are bottle-fed.
A registered nurse is teaching a student nurse about the various stages of infections. Which statement
made by the student nurse indicates a need for additional teaching?
1
"The incubation period for mumps is 1 to 5 days."
2
"The acute symptoms of malaria will disappear during the convalescence stage."
3
"Group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus causes a sore throat, pain, and swelling at the illness stage."
4
Control and Prevention Practice
Questions And Correct Answers.
A patient reporting itching and tingling arrives at the hospital. The nurse suspects a herpes simplex
infection and keeps the patient in an isolation room. What would be the patient's stage of infection?
1
Illness stage
2
Convalescence
3
Prodromal stage
4
Incubation period - Answer 3
The prodromal stage is the interval from onset of nonspecific signs and symptoms to more specific
symptoms. During this stage, microorganisms grow and multiply and the patient may be capable of
spreading the disease to others. Therefore, the patient may be in an isolation room to reduce the spread
of infection. The illness stage is the interval when a patient manifests signs and symptoms that are
specific to a type of infection. The convalescence stage is the interval when acute symptoms of an
infection disappear. The incubation period is the first stage of the infection process; it is the Interval
between the entrance of the pathogen into the body and the appearance of the first symptoms.
What major infections are caused by Escherichia coli? Select all that apply.
1
Hepatitis A
2
Pneumonia
3
Gastroenteritis
,4
Food poisoning
5
Urinary tract infections - Answer 3, 5
Gastroenteritis and urinary tract infections are major infections caused by Escherichia coli. The hepatitis
A virus causes Hepatitis A. Pneumonia and food poisoning are major infections caused by Staphylococcus
aureus.
A patient is suspected of having mumps. In which order do the stages of infection occur?
1.
Occurrence of pain and a headache
2.
Identification of rubella virus
3.
Invasion of the pathogen into the body
4.
Disappearance of a high fever and parotid swellings
5.
Occurrence of a high fever and parotid swelling
6.
Occurrence of symptoms such as malaise and fatigue - Answer 3, 1, 6, 5, 2, 4
The incubation period is the first stage of the infection process. This period is marked by pain and a
headache. This is followed by the prodromal stage, the interval from the onset of nonspecific signs and
symptoms such as malaise and fatigue to more specific symptoms. The interval when a patient manifests
signs and symptoms specific to type of infection, such as a high fever and parotid swelling is the illness
stage. The causative agent may be identified. Convalescence is the interval when acute symptoms of
infection disappear.
A registered nurse teaches a nursing student about normal flora. Which statement of the nursing student
indicates a need for further learning?
,1
Normal flora of the large intestine exist in large numbers.
2
Normal flora maintain a sensitive balance with other microbes.
3
A healthy person excretes trillions of microbes daily through the intestines.
4
Normal flora may cause disease when residing in their usual area of the body. - Answer 4
Normal flora do not usually cause disease when they reside in their usual area of the body. Normal flora
exist in large numbers in the large intestine without causing any illness. These flora maintain a sensitive
balance with other microorganisms to prevent infection. A person normally excretes trillions of microbes
daily through the intestines
In which order does the chain of infection cycle occur chronologically?
1.
Host
2.
Portal to exit
3.
Reservoir
4.
Portal to entry
5.
Infectious agent
6.
Mode of transmission - Answer 5, 3, 2, 6, 4, 1
Infection occurs in a cycle that depends on the presence infectious agents, reservoirs, portal to exit,
mode of transmission, portal to entry, and host. First, infectious agents choose a reservoir to multiply.
, After multiplying, they exit through sites such as the skin, urinary tract, and reproductive tract. These
agents find different modes of transmission to enter the host.
A registered nurse teaches a student nurse about how age influences infection prevention and control.
Which statements made by the nursing student indicate the need for further learning? Select all that
apply.
1
"The immune system declines as the child grows."
2
"Adults in old-age have decreased cell-mediated immunity."
3
"Middle-aged adults have refined defenses against infections."
4
"An infant's immune system produces a large amount of immunoglobulins."
5
"Infants who are breastfed have greater immunity than bottle-fed infants." - Answer 1, 4
The immune system of the child matures with age. An infant's immune system is incapable of producing
immunoglobulins and white blood cells. Cell-mediated immunity decreases with an increase in age
because older adults experience alterations in the structure and function of body parts. Young and
middle-aged adults have refined defenses and immunity against infections. Breastfed infants receive
antibodies through breast milk; these infants have greater immunity than infants who are bottle-fed.
A registered nurse is teaching a student nurse about the various stages of infections. Which statement
made by the student nurse indicates a need for additional teaching?
1
"The incubation period for mumps is 1 to 5 days."
2
"The acute symptoms of malaria will disappear during the convalescence stage."
3
"Group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus causes a sore throat, pain, and swelling at the illness stage."
4
