Orthopedic Nurse Certification Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gaegzq
1. Name 2 biological, 3 ex- Biological:
trinsic, and 1 behavioral 1) Age: bone structure becomes less dense/more
factor that can predis- susceptible to injury
pose a patient to a frac- 2) Type of bone involved: some are better
ture. equipped to handle difference stresses and forces
without injury
Extrinsic:
1) Amount of force applied
2) Angle of force applied
3) Duration of force
Behavioral:
1) Participating in adrenalin-seeking activities
such as skydiving, rock-climbing, motor cross
2. Describe nursing in- 1) Cast should be kept dry.
structions that may be 2) Monitor the skin areas at the end of the cast.
given to a patient in a 3) Never stick anything into or under the cast to
cast. scratch or itch.
4) Alert medical care in case of tightness or in-
creasing pain, numbness, color change, or tem-
perature change in areas of distal ends of cast.
5) Follow up if cast gets loose or cracks.
3. What is the basic anato- Typically has two main components:
my of a long bone? 1) Diaphysis - makes up long shaft of bone. Outer
portion is made of compact bone. Inner layer is
made of marrow.
2) Epiphyses - set at either end of long bone. Outer
layer is compact bone and inner core is spongy
bone.
Periosteum - membrane that lines both externally.
- contains supply of nerve fibers, lymph, blood
vessels
4. 1) Tapping - sustained from a small force to a
concentrated area. Bone will absorb this force -
, Orthopedic Nurse Certification Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gaegzq
Give examples of tap- may or may not be mild soft tissue display of injury.
ping fracture and pene- EX: fracture of forearm when blocking a hit with a
trating fracture. fist or bat; being kicked in lower leg
2) Penetrating - caused by large amount of force
on small area. Object of force is usually small and
soft tissue involvement is minimal.
EX: stab wound, gunshot wound
Different from crush wound because object of
force is much larger.
5. List several factor that 1) Skeletal maturity decreases healing.
determine fracture-heal- - Immature skeleton increases rate and success of
ing outcome. healing.
2) Single bone fracture has better prognosis than
multi-bone fracture.
3) Big displacement that affect surrounding tis-
sues requires more healing time.
4) Thoracic spine injury heals better than unstable
lumbar/cervical spine injuries.
5) Fracture of joint surfaces are more unstable/dif-
ficult to treat.
6) Fracture with nearby unaffected support bone
has good prognosis - acts as natural splint.
6. Differentiate between LINEAR: the fracture forms a straight line through
linear, oblique, and the bone; doesn't tell if fracture line is angled or
transverse fractures. horizontal; a linear can be oblique or transverse
OBLIQUE: fracture line that travels at an angle
through the bone
TRANSVERSE: break that travels in a horizontal
line through the bone.
Don't ever just say a fracture line is linear - differ-
entiate with oblique or transverse.
, Orthopedic Nurse Certification Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gaegzq
7. Describe/give examples 1) CRUSH - caused by large stress on a small
of following bony in- area; results in multiple break lines and severe soft
juries. tissue damage; EX: sledgehammer coming down
on a finger or heavy suspended mass falling on
foot or leg
2) COMPRESSION - happens with large axial
loading force; most often in vertebrae; EX: landing
on feet or butt, fall from a moderate height
3) STRESS - not sustained by one-time incident
but instead with repetitive activity that stresses a
normal bone over time
8. Differences between PLASTER OF PARIS: slightly cheaper, molds well
plaster of Paris and but is heavier and has longer drying time/setting;
fiberglass casting. not ideal for kids in an outpatient setting/upper
extremity injury
FIBERGLASS: more expensive, comes in different
colors, molds well, lightweight, drying time is as lit-
tle as 5 minutes, more water resistant; BUT edges
are more abrasive and they tend to be hotter
How to choose? - cost, physician comfort/familiar-
ity, joint being immobilized, injury being treated &
patient type
9. Discuss the 4 main types 1) LONG BONE: longer than they are wide; con-
of bone. sist of shaft (diaphysis) and head (epiphysis); EX:
humerus, femur
2) SHORT BONE: cubical in shape; consist of
spongy bone; EX: carpals in wrist
3) FLAT BONE: thin and flat with slight curvature;
contain mostly compact bone; EX: skull bones
4) IRREGULAR BONE: don't fit above classifica-
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gaegzq
1. Name 2 biological, 3 ex- Biological:
trinsic, and 1 behavioral 1) Age: bone structure becomes less dense/more
factor that can predis- susceptible to injury
pose a patient to a frac- 2) Type of bone involved: some are better
ture. equipped to handle difference stresses and forces
without injury
Extrinsic:
1) Amount of force applied
2) Angle of force applied
3) Duration of force
Behavioral:
1) Participating in adrenalin-seeking activities
such as skydiving, rock-climbing, motor cross
2. Describe nursing in- 1) Cast should be kept dry.
structions that may be 2) Monitor the skin areas at the end of the cast.
given to a patient in a 3) Never stick anything into or under the cast to
cast. scratch or itch.
4) Alert medical care in case of tightness or in-
creasing pain, numbness, color change, or tem-
perature change in areas of distal ends of cast.
5) Follow up if cast gets loose or cracks.
3. What is the basic anato- Typically has two main components:
my of a long bone? 1) Diaphysis - makes up long shaft of bone. Outer
portion is made of compact bone. Inner layer is
made of marrow.
2) Epiphyses - set at either end of long bone. Outer
layer is compact bone and inner core is spongy
bone.
Periosteum - membrane that lines both externally.
- contains supply of nerve fibers, lymph, blood
vessels
4. 1) Tapping - sustained from a small force to a
concentrated area. Bone will absorb this force -
, Orthopedic Nurse Certification Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gaegzq
Give examples of tap- may or may not be mild soft tissue display of injury.
ping fracture and pene- EX: fracture of forearm when blocking a hit with a
trating fracture. fist or bat; being kicked in lower leg
2) Penetrating - caused by large amount of force
on small area. Object of force is usually small and
soft tissue involvement is minimal.
EX: stab wound, gunshot wound
Different from crush wound because object of
force is much larger.
5. List several factor that 1) Skeletal maturity decreases healing.
determine fracture-heal- - Immature skeleton increases rate and success of
ing outcome. healing.
2) Single bone fracture has better prognosis than
multi-bone fracture.
3) Big displacement that affect surrounding tis-
sues requires more healing time.
4) Thoracic spine injury heals better than unstable
lumbar/cervical spine injuries.
5) Fracture of joint surfaces are more unstable/dif-
ficult to treat.
6) Fracture with nearby unaffected support bone
has good prognosis - acts as natural splint.
6. Differentiate between LINEAR: the fracture forms a straight line through
linear, oblique, and the bone; doesn't tell if fracture line is angled or
transverse fractures. horizontal; a linear can be oblique or transverse
OBLIQUE: fracture line that travels at an angle
through the bone
TRANSVERSE: break that travels in a horizontal
line through the bone.
Don't ever just say a fracture line is linear - differ-
entiate with oblique or transverse.
, Orthopedic Nurse Certification Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gaegzq
7. Describe/give examples 1) CRUSH - caused by large stress on a small
of following bony in- area; results in multiple break lines and severe soft
juries. tissue damage; EX: sledgehammer coming down
on a finger or heavy suspended mass falling on
foot or leg
2) COMPRESSION - happens with large axial
loading force; most often in vertebrae; EX: landing
on feet or butt, fall from a moderate height
3) STRESS - not sustained by one-time incident
but instead with repetitive activity that stresses a
normal bone over time
8. Differences between PLASTER OF PARIS: slightly cheaper, molds well
plaster of Paris and but is heavier and has longer drying time/setting;
fiberglass casting. not ideal for kids in an outpatient setting/upper
extremity injury
FIBERGLASS: more expensive, comes in different
colors, molds well, lightweight, drying time is as lit-
tle as 5 minutes, more water resistant; BUT edges
are more abrasive and they tend to be hotter
How to choose? - cost, physician comfort/familiar-
ity, joint being immobilized, injury being treated &
patient type
9. Discuss the 4 main types 1) LONG BONE: longer than they are wide; con-
of bone. sist of shaft (diaphysis) and head (epiphysis); EX:
humerus, femur
2) SHORT BONE: cubical in shape; consist of
spongy bone; EX: carpals in wrist
3) FLAT BONE: thin and flat with slight curvature;
contain mostly compact bone; EX: skull bones
4) IRREGULAR BONE: don't fit above classifica-
