Test Bank for Cardiopulmonary Anatomy and Physiology Essentials of Respiratory Care 7th Edition by Des Jardins

List of Tables ● xiii List of Clinical Connections ● xv Foreword ● xxi Preface ● xxiii Acknowledgments ● xvii Section One The Cardiopulmonary System—The Essentials 1 Chapter 1 The Anatomy and Physiology of the Respiratory System 3 The Airways ● 4 The Upper Airways ● 4 The Lower Airways ● 26 The Sites of Gas Exchange ● 40 The Pulmonary Vascular System ● 43 The Lymphatic System ● 46 Neural Control of the Lungs ● 48 The Lungs ● 52 The Mediastinum ● 56 The Pleural Membranes ● 56 The Thorax ● 59 The Muscles of Ventilation ● 61 Chapter Summary ● 70 Review Questions ● 71 Chapter 2 Ventilation 75 Introduction ● 75 Mechanisms of Pulmonary Ventilation ● 76 Elastic Properties of the Lung and Chest Wall ● 94 Dynamic Characteristics of the Lungs ● 115 Ventilatory Patterns ● 127 How Normal Pleural Pressure Differences Cause Regional Differences in Normal Lung Ventilation ● 135 The Effect of Airway Resistance and Lung Compliance on Ventilatory Patterns ● 136 Overview of Specific Breathing Conditions ● 139 Chapter Summary ● 143 Review Questions ● 147 Clinical Application Questions ● 149 Chapter 3 Pulmonary Function Measurements 151 Lung Volumes and Capacities ● 151 Pulmonary Mechanics ● 155 Factors Affecting Predicted Normal Values ● 168 How the Effects of Dynamic Compression Decrease Expiratory Flow Rates ● 170 Chapter Summary ● 176 Review Questions ● 181 Clinical Application Questions ● 182 Contents viii Contents Chapter 4 The Diffusion of Pulmonary Gases 185 Introduction ● 185 Dalton’s Law ● 186 Partial Pressures of Atmospheric Gases ● 186 Gas Diffusion—Pressure Gradients versus Diffusion Gradients ● 188 The Partial Pressures of Gases in the Air, Alveoli, and Blood ● 189 The Ideal Alveolar Gas Equation ● 190 The Diffusion of Pulmonary Gases ● 191 Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Diffusion across the Alveolar-Capillary Membrane ● 192 Gas Diffusion According to Fick’s Law ● 195 Perfusion-Limited Gas Flow ● 198 Diffusion-Limited Gas Flow ● 200 How Oxygen Can Be Either Perfusion or Diffusion Limited ● 202 Chapter Summary ● 205 Review Questions ● 208 Clinical Application Questions ● 209 Chapter 5 The Anatomy and Physiology of the Circulatory System 211 Introduction ● 211 The Blood ● 212 The Heart ● 216 The Pulmonary and Systemic Vascular Systems ● 228 Pressures in the Pulmonary and Systemic Vascular Systems ● 233 The Cardiac Cycle and Its Effect on Blood Pressure ● 234 The Distribution of Pulmonary Blood Flow ● 237 Chapter Summary ● 249 Review Questions ● 252 Clinical Application Questions ● 254 Chapter 6 Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport 257 Introduction ● 257 Oxygen Transport ● 258 Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve ● 263 Oxygen Transport Calculations ● 274 Hypoxia ● 287 Cyanosis ● 292 Carbon Dioxide Transport ● 294 Chapter Summary ● 302 Review Questions ● 306 Clinic