Test Bank for Advanced Assessment: Interpreting Findings
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and Formulating Differential Diagnoses, 5th Edition, Mary JoG
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8
oolsby, Laurie GrubbsChapter 1 - 22 | Complete
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8 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i
,Chapter 1. Assessment and Clinical Decision-Making: Overview
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Multiple Choice
8i
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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8i 1. Which type of clinical decision-making is most reliable?
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A. Intuitive
B. Analytical
C. Experiential
D. Augenblick
8i 2. Which of the following is false? To obtain adequate history, health-care providers must be:
8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i
A. Methodical and systematic 8i 8i
B. Attentive to the patient’s verbal and nonverbal language 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i
C. Able to accurately interpret the patient’s responses
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D. Adept at reading into the patient’s statements 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i
Essential parts of a health history include all of the following except:
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8i 3. A. Chief complaint 8i
B. History of the present illness 8i 8i 8i 8i
C. Current vital signs 8i 8i
D. All of the above are essential history components
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Which of the following is false? While performing the physical examination, the examiner must b
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8i 4. eable to: i8 8i
A. Differentiate between normal and abnormal findings 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i
B. Recall knowledge of a range of conditions and their associated signs and symptoms
8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i
C. Recognize how certain conditions affect the response to other conditions 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i
D. Foresee unpredictable findings 8i 8i
The following is the least reliable source of information for diagnostic statistics:
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8i 5. A. Evidence-based investigations 8i
B. Primary reports of research 8i 8i 8i
C. Estimation based on a provider’s experience 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i
D. Published meta-analyses 8i
The following can be used to assist in sound clinical decision-making:
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8i 6. A. Algorithm published in a peer-reviewed journal article 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i
B. Clinical practice guidelines 8i 8i
C. Evidence-based research 8i
D. All of the above 8i 8i 8i
If a diagnostic study has high sensitivity, this indicates a:
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A. High percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result
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8i 7. B. Low percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result
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C. Low likelihood of normal result in persons without a given condition
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D. None of the above 8i 8i 8i
,8i 8. If a diagnostic study has high specificity, this indicates a:
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A. Low percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
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B. High percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
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C. High percentage of individuals with a disorder will show a normal result
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D. Low percentage of individuals with a disorder will show an abnormal result
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8i 9. A likelihood ratio above 1 indicates that a diagnostic test showing a:
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A. Positive result is strongly associated with the disease
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B. Negative result is strongly associated with absence of the disease
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C. Positive result is weakly associated with the disease
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D. Negative result is weakly associated with absence of the disease
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8i 8i8i8i 10. Which of the following clinical reasoning tools is defined as evidence-
8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i
based resource based on mathematical modeling to express the likelihood of a condition in selec
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t situations, settings, and/orpatients?
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A. Clinical practice guideline 8i 8i 8i
B. Clinical decision rule Cli 8i 8i 8i
C. nical algorithm Clinical r 8i 8i 8i
D. ecommendation
, Chapter 1. Assessment and Clinical Decision-Making: Overview
8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i
Answer Section
8i
MULTIPLE CHOICE 8i
1. ANS: B 8 i
Croskerry (2009) describes two major types of clinical diagnostic decision-
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making: intuitive and analytical. Intuitive decision-making (similar to Augenblink decision-
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making) is based on the experience and intuition of the clinician and is less reliable and paired w
8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i
ith fairly common errors. In contrast, analytical decision-
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making is based on careful consideration and has greater reliabilitywith rare errors.
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PTS: 1
2. ANS: D 8 i
To obtain adequate history, providers must be well organized, attentive to the patient’s verbal an
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dnonverbal language, and able to accurately interpret the patient’s responses to questions. Rath
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er than reading into the patient’s statements, they clarify any areas of uncertainty.
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PTS: 1
3. ANS: C 8 i
Vital signs are part of the physical examination portion of patient assessment, not part of the healthhi
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story.
PTS: 1
4. ANS: D 8 i
While performing the physical examination, the examiner must be able to differentiate betweenn
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ormal and abnormal findings, recall knowledge of a range of conditions, including their associat
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ed signs and symptoms, recognize how certain conditions affect the response to other condition
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s, and distinguish the relevance of varied abnormal findings.
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PTS: 1
5. ANS: C 8 i
Sources for diagnostic statistics include textbooks, primary reports of research, and published
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meta-
analyses. Another source of statistics, the one that has been most widely used and available fo
8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i
r application to the reasoning process, is the estimation based on a provider’s experience, alth
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ough these are rarely accurate. Over the past decade, the availability of evidence on which to b
8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i
ase clinical reasoning is improving, and there is an increasing expectation that clinical reasoning
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be based on scientific evidence. Evidence-
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based statistics are also increasingly being used to develop resources to facilitate clinical decisi
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on-making.
PTS: 1
6. ANS: D 8 i
To assist in clinical decision-making, a number of evidence-
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based resources have been developedto assist the clinician. Resources, such as algorithms and cl
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inical practice guidelines, assist in clinical reasoning when properly applied.
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Downloaded8iby:8iStuviaaa8i|
m
Distribution8iof8ithis8idocument8iis8iillegal
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and Formulating Differential Diagnoses, 5th Edition, Mary JoG
8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i i
8
oolsby, Laurie GrubbsChapter 1 - 22 | Complete
8i 8i i
8 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i
,Chapter 1. Assessment and Clinical Decision-Making: Overview
8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i
Multiple Choice
8i
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i
8i 1. Which type of clinical decision-making is most reliable?
8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i
A. Intuitive
B. Analytical
C. Experiential
D. Augenblick
8i 2. Which of the following is false? To obtain adequate history, health-care providers must be:
8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i
A. Methodical and systematic 8i 8i
B. Attentive to the patient’s verbal and nonverbal language 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i
C. Able to accurately interpret the patient’s responses
8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i
D. Adept at reading into the patient’s statements 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i
Essential parts of a health history include all of the following except:
8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i
8i 3. A. Chief complaint 8i
B. History of the present illness 8i 8i 8i 8i
C. Current vital signs 8i 8i
D. All of the above are essential history components
8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i
Which of the following is false? While performing the physical examination, the examiner must b
8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i
8i 4. eable to: i8 8i
A. Differentiate between normal and abnormal findings 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i
B. Recall knowledge of a range of conditions and their associated signs and symptoms
8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i
C. Recognize how certain conditions affect the response to other conditions 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i
D. Foresee unpredictable findings 8i 8i
The following is the least reliable source of information for diagnostic statistics:
8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i
8i 5. A. Evidence-based investigations 8i
B. Primary reports of research 8i 8i 8i
C. Estimation based on a provider’s experience 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i
D. Published meta-analyses 8i
The following can be used to assist in sound clinical decision-making:
8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i
8i 6. A. Algorithm published in a peer-reviewed journal article 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i
B. Clinical practice guidelines 8i 8i
C. Evidence-based research 8i
D. All of the above 8i 8i 8i
If a diagnostic study has high sensitivity, this indicates a:
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A. High percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result
8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i
8i 7. B. Low percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result
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C. Low likelihood of normal result in persons without a given condition
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D. None of the above 8i 8i 8i
,8i 8. If a diagnostic study has high specificity, this indicates a:
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A. Low percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i
B. High percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
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C. High percentage of individuals with a disorder will show a normal result
8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i
D. Low percentage of individuals with a disorder will show an abnormal result
8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i
8i 9. A likelihood ratio above 1 indicates that a diagnostic test showing a:
8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i
A. Positive result is strongly associated with the disease
8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i
B. Negative result is strongly associated with absence of the disease
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C. Positive result is weakly associated with the disease
8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i
D. Negative result is weakly associated with absence of the disease
8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i
8i 8i8i8i 10. Which of the following clinical reasoning tools is defined as evidence-
8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i
based resource based on mathematical modeling to express the likelihood of a condition in selec
8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i
t situations, settings, and/orpatients?
8i 8i 8i i8
A. Clinical practice guideline 8i 8i 8i
B. Clinical decision rule Cli 8i 8i 8i
C. nical algorithm Clinical r 8i 8i 8i
D. ecommendation
, Chapter 1. Assessment and Clinical Decision-Making: Overview
8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i
Answer Section
8i
MULTIPLE CHOICE 8i
1. ANS: B 8 i
Croskerry (2009) describes two major types of clinical diagnostic decision-
8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i
making: intuitive and analytical. Intuitive decision-making (similar to Augenblink decision-
8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i
making) is based on the experience and intuition of the clinician and is less reliable and paired w
8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i
ith fairly common errors. In contrast, analytical decision-
8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i
making is based on careful consideration and has greater reliabilitywith rare errors.
8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i i8 8i 8i
PTS: 1
2. ANS: D 8 i
To obtain adequate history, providers must be well organized, attentive to the patient’s verbal an
8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i
dnonverbal language, and able to accurately interpret the patient’s responses to questions. Rath
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er than reading into the patient’s statements, they clarify any areas of uncertainty.
8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i
PTS: 1
3. ANS: C 8 i
Vital signs are part of the physical examination portion of patient assessment, not part of the healthhi
8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i i8
story.
PTS: 1
4. ANS: D 8 i
While performing the physical examination, the examiner must be able to differentiate betweenn
8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i i8
ormal and abnormal findings, recall knowledge of a range of conditions, including their associat
8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i
ed signs and symptoms, recognize how certain conditions affect the response to other condition
8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i
s, and distinguish the relevance of varied abnormal findings.
8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i
PTS: 1
5. ANS: C 8 i
Sources for diagnostic statistics include textbooks, primary reports of research, and published
8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i
meta-
analyses. Another source of statistics, the one that has been most widely used and available fo
8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i
r application to the reasoning process, is the estimation based on a provider’s experience, alth
8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i
ough these are rarely accurate. Over the past decade, the availability of evidence on which to b
8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i
ase clinical reasoning is improving, and there is an increasing expectation that clinical reasoning
8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i i8
be based on scientific evidence. Evidence-
8i 8i 8i 8i 8i
based statistics are also increasingly being used to develop resources to facilitate clinical decisi
8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i
on-making.
PTS: 1
6. ANS: D 8 i
To assist in clinical decision-making, a number of evidence-
8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i
based resources have been developedto assist the clinician. Resources, such as algorithms and cl
8i 8i 8i 8i i8 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i
inical practice guidelines, assist in clinical reasoning when properly applied.
8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i 8i
Downloaded8iby:8iStuviaaa8i|
m
Distribution8iof8ithis8idocument8iis8iillegal
