Test Bank Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology 14th Edition Hall 9780323597128

Test Bank For Guyton And Hall Textbook Of Medical Ph
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ysiology 14th Edition By John E. Hall; v v v v v v




9% of calcium is complexed to -
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ANSWER anions 50% of calcium is -
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v ANSWER v v v ioninzed

41% of calcium is - ANSWER
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plasma and interstitial fluids have a normal calcium ion co
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ncentration of about 1.2mmol/L or 2.4mEq/L--why? - v v v v v v




ANSWER its a divalent ion
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Inorganic phosphate in the plasma is mainly in 2 forms: -
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ANSWER HPO4 and H2PO4- (more HPO4)
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When the pH of the extracellular fluid becomes more acidi
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c, there is a relative increase in and a decrease in
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whereas the opposite oc v v v



curs when the extracellular fluid becomes alkaline -
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ANSWER H2PO4-; HPO4
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Why does the nervous system become more excitable in h
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ypocalcemia? - ANSWER it causes increased v v v v v v v

,neuronal membrane permeability to sodium ions, allo
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wing easy initiation of action potentials
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At plasma caclium ion concentrations about 50% below nor
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mal, peripheral nerve fibers become so excitable that they b
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eing to discharge spontaneously, initiating trains of
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-
ANSWER nerve impulses that pass to the peripheral skel
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etal muscles to elicit tetanic muscle contraction. Can also c
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ause seizures because of its action of increasing excitabilit
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y in the brain
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Tetany usually starts in the v v v v v




and is v v




called - ANSWER v v v v v hand; carpopedal spasm v v




When the level of calcium in the body fluids rises above nor
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mal, the nervous system becomes depressed and reflex act
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ivities of the central nervous sytem are -
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ANSWER sluggish
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Increased calcium ion concentraton decreases thev v v v v



interval of the heart and causes lack of ap v v v v v v v v




petite and constipation, probably because of depressed -
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ANSWER QT; contractility of the muscle walls of the gas
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trointestinal tract v

,When the level of calcium rises above 17 mg/dl in the blood
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calciun -
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ANSWER calcium phosphate crystals are likely to precipi
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tate throughout the body (connected to parathyroid poiso
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ning)

Approximately v




% of calclium is excreted in u
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rine daily - ANSWER
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When blood calcium rises so does -
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ANSWER urinary excretion
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Renal phosphate excretion is controlled by what mecha
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nism - ANSWER overflow
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Bone is composed of a tough
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that is greatly
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strengthened by deposits of - v v v v




ANSWER organic matrix; calcium salts
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contains by weight 30% matrix and 7 v v v v v v




0% salts - ANSWER compact bone
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may have a consideraby higher perce v v v v v




ntage of matrix in relation to salts -
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, v ANSWER Newly formed bone
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