ITLS 9TH EDITION QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
4xcomponentxofxperfusionx-xanswer--adequatexvolume,xair,xintact/
functioningxvascularxsystemxandxworkingxpump
hypovolemicxshockx-xanswer--inadequatexfluidxvolumexinxthexvascularxsystem
highxspacexhypovolemicxshockx-xanswer--causedxbyxaxspinalxinjuryxorxdrugxoverdose
Mechanicalxshockx-xanswer--
preventingxthexfillingxofxthexheartxorxobstructingxbloodxflow
cardiogenicxshockx-xanswer--
Shockxcausedxbyxinadequatexfunctionxofxthexheart,xorxpumpxfailure.
neurogenicxshockx-xanswer--bloodxflowxstoppedxfromxaxcervical/thoracicxspinalxinjury
septicxshockx-xanswer--bloodxflowxtoxorgansxbecomeximpairedxfromxinfection
pulmonaryxcontusionx-xanswer--
hemorrhagexintoxlungxparenchymaxandxisxsecondaryxtoxbluntxtrauma
CardiacxContusionx-xanswer--
axbruisextoxthexheartxwallxcausedxbyxseverexbluntxtraumaxtoxthexchestxwherexthexheartxi
sxviolentlyxcompressedxbetweenxthexsternumxandxthexspinalxcolumn
cardiacxtamponadex-xanswer--
Compressionxofxthexheartxasxthexresultxofxbuildupxofxbloodxorxotherxfluidxinxthexpericard
ialxsac,xleadingxtoxdecreasedxcardiacxoutput.
tensionxpneumothoraxx-xanswer--
axtypexofxpneumothoraxxinxwhichxairxthatxentersxthexchestxcavityxisxpreventedxfromxesc
aping
simplexpneumothoraxx-xanswer--axnon-expandingxcollectionxofxairxaroundxthexlung.
hemothoraxx-xanswer--axcollectionxofxbloodxinxthexpleuralxcavity
flailxchestx-xanswer--
fracturexofxtwoxorxmorexadjacentxribsxinxtwoxorxmorexplacesxthatxallowsxforxfreexmovem
entxofxthexfracturedxsegment
IntracerebralxPressurex-xanswer--
icpxincreases,xbloodxpressurexincreases,xpulsexdecreasesx(hyperventilatingxcausexbpx
toxincrease)
ANSWERS
4xcomponentxofxperfusionx-xanswer--adequatexvolume,xair,xintact/
functioningxvascularxsystemxandxworkingxpump
hypovolemicxshockx-xanswer--inadequatexfluidxvolumexinxthexvascularxsystem
highxspacexhypovolemicxshockx-xanswer--causedxbyxaxspinalxinjuryxorxdrugxoverdose
Mechanicalxshockx-xanswer--
preventingxthexfillingxofxthexheartxorxobstructingxbloodxflow
cardiogenicxshockx-xanswer--
Shockxcausedxbyxinadequatexfunctionxofxthexheart,xorxpumpxfailure.
neurogenicxshockx-xanswer--bloodxflowxstoppedxfromxaxcervical/thoracicxspinalxinjury
septicxshockx-xanswer--bloodxflowxtoxorgansxbecomeximpairedxfromxinfection
pulmonaryxcontusionx-xanswer--
hemorrhagexintoxlungxparenchymaxandxisxsecondaryxtoxbluntxtrauma
CardiacxContusionx-xanswer--
axbruisextoxthexheartxwallxcausedxbyxseverexbluntxtraumaxtoxthexchestxwherexthexheartxi
sxviolentlyxcompressedxbetweenxthexsternumxandxthexspinalxcolumn
cardiacxtamponadex-xanswer--
Compressionxofxthexheartxasxthexresultxofxbuildupxofxbloodxorxotherxfluidxinxthexpericard
ialxsac,xleadingxtoxdecreasedxcardiacxoutput.
tensionxpneumothoraxx-xanswer--
axtypexofxpneumothoraxxinxwhichxairxthatxentersxthexchestxcavityxisxpreventedxfromxesc
aping
simplexpneumothoraxx-xanswer--axnon-expandingxcollectionxofxairxaroundxthexlung.
hemothoraxx-xanswer--axcollectionxofxbloodxinxthexpleuralxcavity
flailxchestx-xanswer--
fracturexofxtwoxorxmorexadjacentxribsxinxtwoxorxmorexplacesxthatxallowsxforxfreexmovem
entxofxthexfracturedxsegment
IntracerebralxPressurex-xanswer--
icpxincreases,xbloodxpressurexincreases,xpulsexdecreasesx(hyperventilatingxcausexbpx
toxincrease)