Structure and Function of the Body 16th Edition Patton Test Bank 9780323597791 All Chapters with Answers

TEST BANK for Structure and Function of the Body 16th
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Edition Patton ISBN: 9780323597791 Chapters 1-
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22 Complete Guide.
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whatqsupportsqthisqneuromuscularqactivityq(2qbodyqsystems)q-
qANSWERqcontinuousqdeliveryqofqoxygenqandqnutrientsqtoqworkingqtissuesqandqremova

lqofqcarbonqdioxideqandqmetabolicqwasteqthroughqactivitiesqofqcardiovascularqandqrespir
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whatqbodyqsystemsqareqessentialqforqdevelopingqandqmaintainingqmuscularqstrengthqan
dqpowerq-qANSWERqmusculoskeletal,qneuromuscular,qrespiratoryqandqcardiovascular

doqmusclesqactqdirectlyqtoqexertqforceqonqtheqobjectsq-
qANSWERqno,qtheyqfunctionqbyqpullingqagainstqbonesqthatqrotateqaroundqjointsq

musclesqcanqonlyqpullq(contractionqandqrelaxation),qnotqpush,qbutqthroughqtheqsystemqof
qbonyqleversqmuscleqpullingqforcesqcanqbeqmanifestedqasqbothqpullingqorqpushingqextern

alqobjects

howqmanyqbonesqareqapproxqinqhumanqbodyq-qANSWERq206

Howqisqtheqskeletonqdivided?q-qANSWERqaxialqskeletonq(skull,qvertebralqcolumnq-
qfromqC1qtoqcoccyx,qribs qandqsternum)qandqappendicularq(shoulderqgirdleq-

qclavicleqandqscapula,qbonesqofqtheqarmsqwrists qandqhandsq-

qhumerusqradiusqulnaqcarpalsqmetacarpalsqandqphalanges,qpelvicqgirdleq-

qcoxalqbones,qandqtheqbonesqofqtheqlegsqanklesqandqfeetq-

qfemurqpatellaqtibiaqfibulaqtarsalsqmetatarsalsqphalanges)




Typesqofqjointsq-qANSWERqfibrousq-
qallowqvirtuallyqnoqmovementq(ex.qstructuresqonqtheqskull)q

cartilaginousq-qallowqlimitedqmovementq(ex.qintervertebralqdisks)
synovialq-qallowqconsiderableqmovementq(ex.qhip,qknee)

howqdoqweqcategoriseqjointsqbasedqonqtheqnumberqofqdirectionsqaqrotationqcanqoccurq-
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biaxalq-qallowqmovementqinq2qplanesq(ex.qankle,qwrist)
multiaxalq-qballqandqaqsocketqjoints,qallowqmovementqinqallqthreeqplanes

structureqofqvertebralqcolumnq-
qANSWERqmadequpqof qvertebralqbonesqseparatedqbyqflexibleqdisks

,theqvertebraeqareqcategorisedqinto:q7qcervicalqvertebraeqinqtheqneckqregionq(C1-
C7),q12qthoracicqvertebraeqinqthequpperqandqmiddleqbackq(T1-
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otherqfactorsqthatqimpactqboneqadaptationqareqweatherqtheqskeletonqisqloadedqandqfrequ
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trunkqmuscles:qsuperiorq(loserqtoqtheqhead)qandqinferiorq(closerqtoqtheqfeet)

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qANSWERqdeepqfasciaq-qsurroundqmuscleqgroups

epimysiumq-qwrapsqmuscleqorgansq
perimysiumq-qwrapsqfascicles
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howqisqcalledqtheqjunctionqbetweenqmotorqneuronqandqtheqmuscleqfibersqitqinnervatesq(a
ndqrelationshipqbetweenqtheqnumberqofqmotorqneuronsqandqmuscleqcellsqitqinnervates)q-
qANSWERqneuromuscularqjunctionqeachqmuscleqcellqhasqonlyqoneqneuromuscularqjunc

tion,qbutqoneqmotorqneuronqinnervatesqmanyqcells

howqareqcalledqmotorqneuronqandqmuscleqfibersq(cells)qitqinnervatesq-
qANSWERqmotorqunit,qallqtheqmuscleqfibersqofqtheqmotorqunitqCONTRACTqTOGETHERq

whenqtheyqareqstimulatedqbyqmotorqneuron

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qANSWERqsarcoplasm,qitqcontainsqproteinqfilaments,qotherqproteins,qstoredqglycogenqa

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qmuscleq(contractileqproteinsq-

qmyofilaments:qactinqandqmyosin)qitqisqdividedqintoqsarcomeres




howqdoqweqdivideqtheqsarcomereq-qANSWERqHqzoneq-
qinqtheqcenterqofqtheqsarcomereqwhereqonlyqmyosinqisqpresent

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likeqstructuresqthatqrunqperpendicularqtoqsarcoplasmicqreticulumqandqendqinqtheqvicinityq
ofqZqlineqbetweenqtwoqvesiclesq
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lsqactionqpotentialqarrivesqnearlyqsimoltaneouslyqfromqtheqsurfaceqtoqtheqdepthqofqmuscl
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becauseqonlyqaqsmallqdisplacementqofqactinqoccursqwithqeachqpowerqstrokeqveryqrapidqr
epeatedqstrokesqmustqoccurqinqmanyqcrossbridgesqthroughoutqentireqmuscleqforqmeasu
rableqmovementqtoqoccur

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qANSWERqyesqevenqwithqtheqactinqbindingqsiteqcoveredqmyosinqandqactinqstillqinteractqi

nqaqweakqbondqwhichqbecomesqstrongqwhenqactinqbindingqsiteqisqexposed

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qANSWERqtoqtheqnumberqofqmyosinqcrossbridgesqboundqtoqactinqfilamentsqinqthatqinsta

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fromqwhereqcomesqtheqenergyqforqpowerqstrokeq-
qANSWERqfromqhydrolysisqofqATPqtoqADPq(adenosineqdiphosphate)qandqphosphate




howqisqcalledqtheqenzymeqthatqcatalyzesqtheqhydrolysisqofqATPq-
qANSWERqmyosinqadenosineqtriphosphateq(ATP-ase)




inqwhichqotherqeventsqinqskeletalqmusclesqdoesqcalciumqhaveqregulationqroleqbesidesqc
ontractionq-
qANSWERqglycolyticqandqoxidativeqenergyqmetabolism,qproteinqsynthesisqandqproteinqd

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powerqstroke
dissociationqofqactinqandqmyosinqhead
andqresettingqofqmyosinqheadqpositionq
thisqoccursqasqlongqasqcalciumqisqavailableqinqmyofibril,qATPqisqavailableqforqpowerqstrok
e,qandqactiveqmyosinqATPaseqisqavailableqforqcatalyzingqtheqbreakdownqofqATP

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qANSWERqonqtheqnumberqofqmuscleqfibersqofqeachqmotorqunit,qaka.qtheqnumberqofqmot

orqunitsqinqtheqmuscleq
moreqmotorqunitsq=qfewerqmuscleqfibersqofqeachqmotorqunitq=qmoreqprecisionq(ex.qeyeqm
usclesqcanqhaveqasqfewqasqoneqmuscleqfiberqperqmotorqunit,qwhileqquadricepsqmayqhav
eqseveralqhundredsqmuscleqfibersqperqmotorqunit)

canqactionqpotentialqdirectlyqexciteqmuscleqfibersq-
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arrivalqofqtheqactionqpotentialqatqtheqnerveqterminalqcausesqreleaseqofqneurotransmitterq
acetylcholineqwhichqdiffusesqacrossqneuromuscularqjunction

Canqaqstrongerqactionqpotentialqproduceqaqstrongerqcontraction?qandqhowqisqthisqpheno
menonqcalledq-qANSWERqno,qthisqphenomenonqisqcalledqall-or-
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whatqhappensqIfqaqsecondqtwitchqisqelicitedqfromqtheqmotorqnerveqbeforeqtheqfibersqcom
pletelyqrelaxq-
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anqthatqproducedqbyqaqsingleqtwitch

whyqdoesqdecreasingqtimeqbetweenqtwitchesqresultqinqgreaterqforceqproductionq-
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tionqofqactinqandqmyosin,qandqtherebyqmaximalqforceqofqtheqfibers,qcalciumqisqremovedqb
eforeqforceqreachesqitsqmaximum,qandqtheqmuscleqstartsqtoqrelax
sinceqpeakqforceqinqaqsingleqtwitchqoccursqandqmuscleqthanqstartsqtoqrelaxqdecreasingqti
meqbetweenqtwitchesqresultsqinqgreaterqsummationqofqcrossbridgeqbindingqandqforce

Whatqisqtetanus?q-
qANSWERqThisqtermqrefersqtoqtheqhighestqtensionqdevelopedqbyqaqmuscleqinqresponseqt

oqstimulationqofqincreasingqfrequencyq-
qwhenqtwitchesqareqfused.qThisqisqtheqmaximalqamountqofqforceqtheqmotorqunitqcanqdevel

op

whatqisqaqmostqfamiliarqwayqtoqcategoriseqmuscleqfiberqtypesqandqhowqdoqweqcategorise
qthemqbasedqonqthatqway,qwhatqaboutqmotorqunitq-

qANSWERqtheqmostqfamiliarqapproachqtoqclassifyqfibersqisqbasedqonqtwitchqtime;qslow-

twitchqfibersqandqfast-