EXIT EXAM STUDY GUIDE
Professionalismoi-oians--
Exhibitingoitheoidispositionsoiassociatedoiwithoithatoiofoiaoiprofessional
SourceoiofoiPublicoiFundingoi-oians--
Theoistateoiprovidesoimostoiofoitheoifundingoithatoikeepsoipublicoielementaryoithroughoihigh
oischoolsoirunning.oiTheyoiraiseoithisoimoneyoithroughoiaoivarietyoiofoimeansoithroughoitaxoi
dollars.oiEachoistateoihasoianoiEducationoiDepartmentoithatoioverseesoiindividualoischooloi
districts.
ChangingoiRoleoiofoiReligionoiinoiSchoolsoi-oians--
Respectingoitheoibeliefsoiofoithoseoiofoitheoimajorityoireligiousoitradition,oiandoiseekingoitooi
contributeoitooireligiousoieducation.oiThisoicontributesoinotoionlyoitooitheoipersonaloireflectio
noiandoidevelopmentoiofoiyoungoipeople,oibutoishouldoialsooiheightenoirespectoiforoitheoibeli
efsoiofoitheoiotheroiandoihelpoibuildoiaoidiverseoibutoicohesiveoisociety
Teacher'soiLegaloiObligationsoiRegardingoiChildoiAbuseoiandoiConfidentialityoi-oians--
Children,oiyouth,oiandoifamiliesoiinvolvedoiwithoitheoichildoiwelfareoisystemoihaveoiaoirightoit
ooitheoiprivacyoiofoitheiroirecordsoiandoipersonaloiinformation,oiexceptoiunderoicertainoicircu
mstances.oiTeachersoiareoisupposedoitooireportoianyoisignsoiofoiphysical,oioroimentaloiabus
e
Brownoivs.oiBoardoiofoiEducationoi(1954)oi-oians--
BrownoioverturnedoiPlessyoiv.oiFergusonoiandoiestablishedoithatoi"separateoieducationoifa
cilitiesoiareoiinherentlyoiunequal",oiandoiorderedoianoiendoitooilegallyoimandatedoirace-
oisegregatedoischools
Engloivs.oiVitaleoiandoiAbingtonoiSchooloiDistrictoivs.oiSchemppoi(1962oiandoi1963)oi-
oians--
ShapedoitheoimodernoiunderstandingoiofoihowoitheoiEstablishmentoiClauseoiofoitheoiFirstoi
Amendmentoiconstrainsoiinoipublicoischools.oiInoiEngel,oitheoiCourtoistruckoidownoiaoiNewoi
YorkoiStateoiruleoithatoiallowedoipublicoischoolsoitooiholdoiaoishort,oinondenominationaloipr
ayeroiatoitheoibeginningoiofoitheoischooloiday.oiTheoiCourtoidecidedoithatoitheseoiprayersoia
mountedoitooianoi"officialoistampoiofoiapproval"oiuponoioneoiparticularoikindoiofoiprayeroiand
oireligiousoiservice,oiandoisaidoithat,oisinceoiteachersoiareoiagentsoiofoitheoifederaloigovern
ment,oitheoischemeoiviolatedoitheoiEstablishmentoiClause
Lemonoivs.oiKurtzmanoi(1971)oi-oians--
Theoicontroversyoidealtoiwithoiaoistatuteoiprovidingoifinancialoisupportoiforoiteacheroisalarie
, soiandoitextbooksoiinoiparochialoischools.oiTheoiBurgeroiCourtoiunanimouslyoidecidedoithat
oithisoifinancialoiaidoischemeoiviolatedoitheoiEstablishmentoiClauseoiandoidelineatedoitheoig
overningoiprecedentoiforoiEstablishmentoiClauseoicasesoiknownoiasoitheoiLemonoitest.oiUn
deroiLemon,oistatuesoimustoihaveoiaoisecularoilegislativeoipurpose,oimustoihaveoiprimaryoie
ffectsoithatoinighteroiinhibitoinoroiadvanceoireligion,oiandoicannotoifosteroianoi"excessiveoigo
vernmentoientanglementoiwithoireligion"
Wisconsinoivs.oiYoderoi(1972)oi-oians--
Wisconsinoimandatedoithatoialloichildrenoiattendoipublicoischooloiuntiloi16,oibutoiJonasoiYod
er,oiaoidevoutlyoireligiousoiAmishoiman,oirefusedoitooisendoihisoichildrenoitooischooloipastoi8
thoigrade.oiHeoiarguedoithatoihisoichildrenoididn'toineedoitooibeoiinoischooloithatoilongoitooirea
doiaoifulfillingoiAmishoilifeoiofoifarmingoiandoiagriculturaloiwork,oiandoithatoikeepingoihisoichil
drenoiinoischooloiforoisuchoiaoilengthoiofoitimeoiwouldoicorruptoitheiroifaith.oiTheoiCourtoiuna
nimouslyoiagreed,oisayingoithatoitheoivaluesoiofoipublicoischooloiwereoiinoi"sharpoiconflictoiw
ithoitheoifundamentaloimodeoiofoilifeoimandatedoibyoitheoiAmishoireligion"
SanoiAntoniooiIndependentoiSchooloiDistrictoivs.oiRodriguezoi(1972)oi-oians--
TheoiDistrictoisuedoitheoistateoionoibehalfoiofoitheoistudentsoiinoiitsoidistrict,oiarguingoithatoisi
nceoipropertyoitaxesoiwereoirelativelyoilowoiinoitheoiarea,oistudentsoiatoitheoipublicoischoolso
iwereoibeingoiunderservedoidueoitooitheoilackoiofoifundingoicomparedoitooiwealthieroidistrict
s.oiTheyoiarguedoithatoitheoiEqualoiProtectionoiClauseoiofoitheoi14thoiAmendmentoimandat
esoiequaloifundingoiamongoischooloidistricts,oibutoitheoiCourtoiultimatelyoirejectedoitheiroicla
im.
Tinkeroivs.oiDesoiMoinesoi(1969)oi-oians--
Studentsoiworeoiblackoiarmbandsoitooischooloiasoianoiexpressionoiofoitheiroidissatisfactionoi
withoiU.S.oiforeignoipolicy.oiTheoidistrictoipassedoiaoiruleoiprohibitingoitheoiarmbandsoiasoip
artoiofoiaoilargeroidressoicode,oiandoistudentsoichallengedoitheoibanoiasoiaoiviolationoiofoithe
oiFreeoiSpeechoiClauseoiofoitheoiFirstoiAmendment.oiTheoiCourtoiagreedoiwithoitheoistudent
soiandoistruckoidownoitheoiban,oisayingoithatoitheoischooloihasoitooiproveoithatoitheoiconduct
oioroispeechoi"materiallyoiandoisubstantiallyoiinterferes"oiwithoischooloioperationsoiinoiorder
oitooijustifyoitheoiban.
NewoiJerseyoivs.oiTLDoi(1985)oi-oians--
Afteroiaoistudentoiwasoicaughtoismokingoicigarettesoiinoischool,oisheoiwasoiconfrontedoibyoit
heoischool'soiviceoiprincipal,oiwhooiforcedoitheoistudentoitooihandoioveroiheroipurse.oiTheoivi
ceoiprincipaloithenoisearchedoiheroipurse,oifoundoidrugoiparaphernaliaoiandoicalledoitheoipol
ice;oitheoistudentoiwasoieventuallyoichargedoiwithoimultipleoicrimesoiandoiexpelledoifromoith
eoischool.oiHeroilawyeroiarguedoithatoitheoiviolenceoishouldoinotoihaveoibeenoiadmissibleoii
noicourtoibecauseoiitoiviolatedoitheoistudent'soiFourthoiAmendmentoiprotectionoiagainstoiunr
easonableoisearchesoiandoiseizures.oiTheoiSupremeoiCourtoidecidedoithatoitheoiFourthoiA
mendmentoidoesoiconstrainoitheoiactionsoiofoischooloiofficials,oiandoithatoistudentsoihaveoia
oilegitimateoiofoiprivacyoiwhenoiinoischool.
UnitedoiStatesoivs.oiLopezoi(1995)oi-oians--
PresidentoiGeorgeoiH.W.oiBushoisignedoitheoiGun-
Professionalismoi-oians--
Exhibitingoitheoidispositionsoiassociatedoiwithoithatoiofoiaoiprofessional
SourceoiofoiPublicoiFundingoi-oians--
Theoistateoiprovidesoimostoiofoitheoifundingoithatoikeepsoipublicoielementaryoithroughoihigh
oischoolsoirunning.oiTheyoiraiseoithisoimoneyoithroughoiaoivarietyoiofoimeansoithroughoitaxoi
dollars.oiEachoistateoihasoianoiEducationoiDepartmentoithatoioverseesoiindividualoischooloi
districts.
ChangingoiRoleoiofoiReligionoiinoiSchoolsoi-oians--
Respectingoitheoibeliefsoiofoithoseoiofoitheoimajorityoireligiousoitradition,oiandoiseekingoitooi
contributeoitooireligiousoieducation.oiThisoicontributesoinotoionlyoitooitheoipersonaloireflectio
noiandoidevelopmentoiofoiyoungoipeople,oibutoishouldoialsooiheightenoirespectoiforoitheoibeli
efsoiofoitheoiotheroiandoihelpoibuildoiaoidiverseoibutoicohesiveoisociety
Teacher'soiLegaloiObligationsoiRegardingoiChildoiAbuseoiandoiConfidentialityoi-oians--
Children,oiyouth,oiandoifamiliesoiinvolvedoiwithoitheoichildoiwelfareoisystemoihaveoiaoirightoit
ooitheoiprivacyoiofoitheiroirecordsoiandoipersonaloiinformation,oiexceptoiunderoicertainoicircu
mstances.oiTeachersoiareoisupposedoitooireportoianyoisignsoiofoiphysical,oioroimentaloiabus
e
Brownoivs.oiBoardoiofoiEducationoi(1954)oi-oians--
BrownoioverturnedoiPlessyoiv.oiFergusonoiandoiestablishedoithatoi"separateoieducationoifa
cilitiesoiareoiinherentlyoiunequal",oiandoiorderedoianoiendoitooilegallyoimandatedoirace-
oisegregatedoischools
Engloivs.oiVitaleoiandoiAbingtonoiSchooloiDistrictoivs.oiSchemppoi(1962oiandoi1963)oi-
oians--
ShapedoitheoimodernoiunderstandingoiofoihowoitheoiEstablishmentoiClauseoiofoitheoiFirstoi
Amendmentoiconstrainsoiinoipublicoischools.oiInoiEngel,oitheoiCourtoistruckoidownoiaoiNewoi
YorkoiStateoiruleoithatoiallowedoipublicoischoolsoitooiholdoiaoishort,oinondenominationaloipr
ayeroiatoitheoibeginningoiofoitheoischooloiday.oiTheoiCourtoidecidedoithatoitheseoiprayersoia
mountedoitooianoi"officialoistampoiofoiapproval"oiuponoioneoiparticularoikindoiofoiprayeroiand
oireligiousoiservice,oiandoisaidoithat,oisinceoiteachersoiareoiagentsoiofoitheoifederaloigovern
ment,oitheoischemeoiviolatedoitheoiEstablishmentoiClause
Lemonoivs.oiKurtzmanoi(1971)oi-oians--
Theoicontroversyoidealtoiwithoiaoistatuteoiprovidingoifinancialoisupportoiforoiteacheroisalarie
, soiandoitextbooksoiinoiparochialoischools.oiTheoiBurgeroiCourtoiunanimouslyoidecidedoithat
oithisoifinancialoiaidoischemeoiviolatedoitheoiEstablishmentoiClauseoiandoidelineatedoitheoig
overningoiprecedentoiforoiEstablishmentoiClauseoicasesoiknownoiasoitheoiLemonoitest.oiUn
deroiLemon,oistatuesoimustoihaveoiaoisecularoilegislativeoipurpose,oimustoihaveoiprimaryoie
ffectsoithatoinighteroiinhibitoinoroiadvanceoireligion,oiandoicannotoifosteroianoi"excessiveoigo
vernmentoientanglementoiwithoireligion"
Wisconsinoivs.oiYoderoi(1972)oi-oians--
Wisconsinoimandatedoithatoialloichildrenoiattendoipublicoischooloiuntiloi16,oibutoiJonasoiYod
er,oiaoidevoutlyoireligiousoiAmishoiman,oirefusedoitooisendoihisoichildrenoitooischooloipastoi8
thoigrade.oiHeoiarguedoithatoihisoichildrenoididn'toineedoitooibeoiinoischooloithatoilongoitooirea
doiaoifulfillingoiAmishoilifeoiofoifarmingoiandoiagriculturaloiwork,oiandoithatoikeepingoihisoichil
drenoiinoischooloiforoisuchoiaoilengthoiofoitimeoiwouldoicorruptoitheiroifaith.oiTheoiCourtoiuna
nimouslyoiagreed,oisayingoithatoitheoivaluesoiofoipublicoischooloiwereoiinoi"sharpoiconflictoiw
ithoitheoifundamentaloimodeoiofoilifeoimandatedoibyoitheoiAmishoireligion"
SanoiAntoniooiIndependentoiSchooloiDistrictoivs.oiRodriguezoi(1972)oi-oians--
TheoiDistrictoisuedoitheoistateoionoibehalfoiofoitheoistudentsoiinoiitsoidistrict,oiarguingoithatoisi
nceoipropertyoitaxesoiwereoirelativelyoilowoiinoitheoiarea,oistudentsoiatoitheoipublicoischoolso
iwereoibeingoiunderservedoidueoitooitheoilackoiofoifundingoicomparedoitooiwealthieroidistrict
s.oiTheyoiarguedoithatoitheoiEqualoiProtectionoiClauseoiofoitheoi14thoiAmendmentoimandat
esoiequaloifundingoiamongoischooloidistricts,oibutoitheoiCourtoiultimatelyoirejectedoitheiroicla
im.
Tinkeroivs.oiDesoiMoinesoi(1969)oi-oians--
Studentsoiworeoiblackoiarmbandsoitooischooloiasoianoiexpressionoiofoitheiroidissatisfactionoi
withoiU.S.oiforeignoipolicy.oiTheoidistrictoipassedoiaoiruleoiprohibitingoitheoiarmbandsoiasoip
artoiofoiaoilargeroidressoicode,oiandoistudentsoichallengedoitheoibanoiasoiaoiviolationoiofoithe
oiFreeoiSpeechoiClauseoiofoitheoiFirstoiAmendment.oiTheoiCourtoiagreedoiwithoitheoistudent
soiandoistruckoidownoitheoiban,oisayingoithatoitheoischooloihasoitooiproveoithatoitheoiconduct
oioroispeechoi"materiallyoiandoisubstantiallyoiinterferes"oiwithoischooloioperationsoiinoiorder
oitooijustifyoitheoiban.
NewoiJerseyoivs.oiTLDoi(1985)oi-oians--
Afteroiaoistudentoiwasoicaughtoismokingoicigarettesoiinoischool,oisheoiwasoiconfrontedoibyoit
heoischool'soiviceoiprincipal,oiwhooiforcedoitheoistudentoitooihandoioveroiheroipurse.oiTheoivi
ceoiprincipaloithenoisearchedoiheroipurse,oifoundoidrugoiparaphernaliaoiandoicalledoitheoipol
ice;oitheoistudentoiwasoieventuallyoichargedoiwithoimultipleoicrimesoiandoiexpelledoifromoith
eoischool.oiHeroilawyeroiarguedoithatoitheoiviolenceoishouldoinotoihaveoibeenoiadmissibleoii
noicourtoibecauseoiitoiviolatedoitheoistudent'soiFourthoiAmendmentoiprotectionoiagainstoiunr
easonableoisearchesoiandoiseizures.oiTheoiSupremeoiCourtoidecidedoithatoitheoiFourthoiA
mendmentoidoesoiconstrainoitheoiactionsoiofoischooloiofficials,oiandoithatoistudentsoihaveoia
oilegitimateoiofoiprivacyoiwhenoiinoischool.
UnitedoiStatesoivs.oiLopezoi(1995)oi-oians--
PresidentoiGeorgeoiH.W.oiBushoisignedoitheoiGun-
