MICR 3230 EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
immunity - Answer-comes from latin for exempt - originated from the observation that those who
survive a disease will not contract it again
vaccine - Answer-comes from the latin vacca meaning cow.
A weakened, partial or deactivated portion of a disease is given to an unexposed individual in order to
stimulate the immune system.
herd immunity - Answer-a critical mass of people within a population acquiring protective immunity
(through vaccination or infection) serve as a buffer for the rest
Phagocytes - Answer-white blood cells that ingest and digest (eat) foreign invaders
immunoglobulins - Answer-Secreted antibodies
Antibodies - Answer-soluble active molecules in the immunoglobulin fraction of serum
,humoral immunity - Answer-specific immunity produced by B cells that produce antibodies that
circulate in body fluids
antiserum - Answer-Blood serum that contains specific antibodies
passive immunity - Answer-the short-term immunity that results from the introduction of antibodies
from another person or animal.
active immunity - Answer-A form of acquired immunity in which the body produces its own antibodies
against disease-causing antigens.
cell-mediated immunity - Answer-type of immunity produced by T cells that attack infected or abnormal
body cells
Lymphocytes - Answer-one of the two types of white blood cells that are part of the body's immune
system: B lymphocytes form in the bone marrow and release antibodies that fight bacterial infections; T
lymphocytes form in the thymus and other lymphatic tissue and attack cancer cells, viruses, and foreign
substances.
T lymphocytes - Answer-form in the thymus and other lymphatic tissue and attack cancer cells, viruses,
and foreign substances
antigen - Answer-a toxin or other foreign substance that induces an immune response in the body,
especially the production of antibodies.
clonal selection - Answer-The process by which an antigen selectively binds to and activates only those
lymphocytes bearing receptors specific for the antigen. The selected lymphocytes proliferate and
differentiate into a clone of effector cells and a clone of memory cells specific for the stimulating
antigen.
,pathogens - Answer-organisms that cause disease
Pathogenesis - Answer-the process by which illness is induced by a pathogen
physical barriers to infection - Answer-skin, mucous membranes, low pH
Major Groups of human pathogens - Answer-Fungi
Bacteria
Viruses
parasites
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes - Answer-detection and destruction of antigen carrying cells
Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) - Answer-common molecular motifs found on
pathogens that characterize entire groups of pathogens
Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) - Answer-proteins on or in cells that recognize specific
compounds unique to microbes or tissue damage, allowing the cells to sense the presence of invading
microbes or damage
Generation of diversity - Answer-The generation of a diverse repertoire of antigen-binding receptors on
B or T lymphocytes that occurs in the bone marrow or thymus, respectively.
B cell receptor (BCR) - Answer-Molecule on the surface of a B cell that binds to a specific antigen.
Receptors in bound form, Antibodies in secreted form
, T cell receptor (TCR) - Answer-antigen receptor on the surface of a T cell
tolerance - Answer-self/non-self discrimination of the immune system to avoid accidental recognition
and destruction of host tissues
innate immune system - Answer-a collection of nonspecific barriers and cellular responses that serve as
an inborn first and second line of defense against pathogens
adaptive immune system - Answer-Respond to specific antigens; Responds by remembering signature
molecules, called antigens, from pathogens to which the body has previously been exposed
complement system - Answer-A group of about 30 blood proteins that may amplify the inflammatory
response, enhance phagocytosis, or directly lyse extracellular pathogens.
inflammatory response - Answer-nonspecific defense reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or
infection
immunologic memory - Answer-The ability of the immune system to respond much more swiftly and
with greater efficiency during a second, or later exposure to the same pathogen.
primary immune response - Answer-Immune response the first time the body is exposed to a particular
antigen. Does not peak until 10-17 days after exposure.
secondary immune response - Answer-Immune response after the body has already been exposed to a
specific antigen. Response is faster, of greater magnitude, and more prolonged.
innate vs adaptive: response time - Answer-innate: mins-hrs
adaptive: days
AND ANSWERS
immunity - Answer-comes from latin for exempt - originated from the observation that those who
survive a disease will not contract it again
vaccine - Answer-comes from the latin vacca meaning cow.
A weakened, partial or deactivated portion of a disease is given to an unexposed individual in order to
stimulate the immune system.
herd immunity - Answer-a critical mass of people within a population acquiring protective immunity
(through vaccination or infection) serve as a buffer for the rest
Phagocytes - Answer-white blood cells that ingest and digest (eat) foreign invaders
immunoglobulins - Answer-Secreted antibodies
Antibodies - Answer-soluble active molecules in the immunoglobulin fraction of serum
,humoral immunity - Answer-specific immunity produced by B cells that produce antibodies that
circulate in body fluids
antiserum - Answer-Blood serum that contains specific antibodies
passive immunity - Answer-the short-term immunity that results from the introduction of antibodies
from another person or animal.
active immunity - Answer-A form of acquired immunity in which the body produces its own antibodies
against disease-causing antigens.
cell-mediated immunity - Answer-type of immunity produced by T cells that attack infected or abnormal
body cells
Lymphocytes - Answer-one of the two types of white blood cells that are part of the body's immune
system: B lymphocytes form in the bone marrow and release antibodies that fight bacterial infections; T
lymphocytes form in the thymus and other lymphatic tissue and attack cancer cells, viruses, and foreign
substances.
T lymphocytes - Answer-form in the thymus and other lymphatic tissue and attack cancer cells, viruses,
and foreign substances
antigen - Answer-a toxin or other foreign substance that induces an immune response in the body,
especially the production of antibodies.
clonal selection - Answer-The process by which an antigen selectively binds to and activates only those
lymphocytes bearing receptors specific for the antigen. The selected lymphocytes proliferate and
differentiate into a clone of effector cells and a clone of memory cells specific for the stimulating
antigen.
,pathogens - Answer-organisms that cause disease
Pathogenesis - Answer-the process by which illness is induced by a pathogen
physical barriers to infection - Answer-skin, mucous membranes, low pH
Major Groups of human pathogens - Answer-Fungi
Bacteria
Viruses
parasites
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes - Answer-detection and destruction of antigen carrying cells
Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) - Answer-common molecular motifs found on
pathogens that characterize entire groups of pathogens
Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) - Answer-proteins on or in cells that recognize specific
compounds unique to microbes or tissue damage, allowing the cells to sense the presence of invading
microbes or damage
Generation of diversity - Answer-The generation of a diverse repertoire of antigen-binding receptors on
B or T lymphocytes that occurs in the bone marrow or thymus, respectively.
B cell receptor (BCR) - Answer-Molecule on the surface of a B cell that binds to a specific antigen.
Receptors in bound form, Antibodies in secreted form
, T cell receptor (TCR) - Answer-antigen receptor on the surface of a T cell
tolerance - Answer-self/non-self discrimination of the immune system to avoid accidental recognition
and destruction of host tissues
innate immune system - Answer-a collection of nonspecific barriers and cellular responses that serve as
an inborn first and second line of defense against pathogens
adaptive immune system - Answer-Respond to specific antigens; Responds by remembering signature
molecules, called antigens, from pathogens to which the body has previously been exposed
complement system - Answer-A group of about 30 blood proteins that may amplify the inflammatory
response, enhance phagocytosis, or directly lyse extracellular pathogens.
inflammatory response - Answer-nonspecific defense reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or
infection
immunologic memory - Answer-The ability of the immune system to respond much more swiftly and
with greater efficiency during a second, or later exposure to the same pathogen.
primary immune response - Answer-Immune response the first time the body is exposed to a particular
antigen. Does not peak until 10-17 days after exposure.
secondary immune response - Answer-Immune response after the body has already been exposed to a
specific antigen. Response is faster, of greater magnitude, and more prolonged.
innate vs adaptive: response time - Answer-innate: mins-hrs
adaptive: days
