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Moleculaire biologie en DNA-technologie samenvatting H1 tot H4

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Moleculaire biologie en DNA-technologie samenvatting H1 tot H4

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2023/2024

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Bevat samenvatting van: - isolatie van nucleïnezuren - PCR analyse - scheiding en detectie van DNA - stroom van genetische informatie

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Moleculaire biologie en DNA-technologie:
Samenvatting H1-H4

, Hoofdstuk 1 : isolatie van nucleinezuren
1 Nucleïnezuren

DNA RNA

it

it

it

it

zurmstofgroep)
Structuur DNA 3 uiteinde
Suiteinde:
Vrijefosfaatgroep Vrije
: :

antiparallelle strengen : waterstofbruggen
draaien naar dezelfde kant H

"Sequentie geschreven 53

DNA heeft negatieve lading
.2
1 Structuur RNA :

enkelstrengig en vormt hairpin : secundaire structuur ,
FRNA :

driedemensioneleen
=

Door OH
op 2 van ribose : RNA reactiver en minder stabiel dan DNA

DNA : bewaren
genetische info
RNA :
Reguleerbaar want snelle turnover,

RNA kan complexe driedimensionale structuren vormen en interacties aangaan met eiwitten, DNA en
kleine RNA-bindende moleculen

, 1 3
.

Erkaryoot genoom : met mitochondriën of chloroplasten
chromosoom
chromatine

I
: heterochromatine
euchromatine

-
nucleosoom
histon eiwit

46 chromosomen

chromosomen worden in de metafase gevormol

2 Isolatie van nucleinezuren

Doel : isoleren van DNA uit cellen/ weefsels

Principe :
-cellyse
-verwijderen ongewenste componenten
-
bewaren
geisoleerd DNA
-
kwaliteitscontrole
geisoleerd DNA :
Kwalitatief kwantitatief
,

21
.
Cellen openbreken om DNA te isoleren=
lysemethode
Cellyse homogeniseren
: van monster
- chemisch detergenten alkalische buffer,

-

biologisch enzymen
-

fysisch warmte ,
osmose

- mechanisch vortexen .
Soniseren

pretreatment kan noodzakelijk zijn afhankelijk van
celtype

Document information

Study: Biomedische laboratoriumtechnologie
Uploaded on: December 15, 2024
Number of pages: 21
Written in: 2023/2024
Type: Summary

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Samenvatting moleculaire biologie en DNA technologie

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