GMS 6510 Cannabis Review questions
with answers
Three different types of cannabis plants - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Cannabis sativa,
Cannabis indica, and Cannabis ruderalis
History of Cannabis - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Use of cannabis fibers dates back to
roughly 8,000 BC, first medical use was in China 5,000 years ago, appears in Hindu holy
books, and introduced into Western medicine in the 1800s
1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Prohibited
production and supply other than for medical purposes
1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Generated
the current schedule drugs, placed THC in Schedule I, and other cannabinoids were not
regulated
Chemical makeup of Cannabis - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Over 100 cannabinoids,
THC responsible for nearly all psychoactive effects, other compounds can modulate THC
effects, and cannabinoid content varies between strains, 1960s marijuana was 2-5% THC,
today is 12% THC
THC levels in plant - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Absent in roots and seeds
Present at low levels in stems
Present in leaves 2-3%
High in flowers up to 25%
Cannabinoids - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔11 types of cannabinoids
,Δ9-THC and CBD are two
Historically, all NIH supplied marijuana has been low THC, high CBD
Δ9-THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Only psychoactive
cannabinoid
Δ9-THC-acid is not psychoactive
converted to Δ9-THC during heating or combustion
CBD (cannabidiol) - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Produces many of the same effects as
THC, but not psychoactive
Reduces psychoactive properties of THC
Concentration in street marijuana has dropped to near 0
CBD-acid is converted to CBD during combustion
CBD-acid is 100-1000x more potent than CBD as an antiemetic
Administration of Cannabis - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Smoking
Vaporizing, reduces toxin formation
Eating
Oral tinctures
Topical
Smoking - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Most common
Bioavailability around 25%, but highly variable, THC plasma Cmax in 6-10 minutes, 60%
after 15 minutes, and 20% after 30 minutes
Oral
Oral (Edibles or THC pill) - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Bioavailability around 6%
Higher when in oils
, THC plasma Cmax in 2-6 hours
Distribution - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔THC is highly lipophilic
Quickly sequestered by organs with high blood flow
THC can be measured in the blood of chronic users more than a month after cessation
Metabolism - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Extensive metabolism in liver
Primarily Cytochrome P450s
Three primary metabolites
11-OH-THC; psychoactive
THC-COOH and glucuronide conjugates; inactive
High inter-individual variability
Not sex-dependent
CYP2C9 variants reduce clearance
Excretion - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Eliminated primarily as metabolites
65% in feces
25% in urine
10-20% remaining after 5 days
One low THC marijuana cigarette detectable for up to 2-5 days or weeks for chronic user
Tolerance - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Tolerance is seen with long-term use
Receptor desensitization
Receptor downregulation
Some receptors affected more than others
Some effects show tolerance while other don't
with answers
Three different types of cannabis plants - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Cannabis sativa,
Cannabis indica, and Cannabis ruderalis
History of Cannabis - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Use of cannabis fibers dates back to
roughly 8,000 BC, first medical use was in China 5,000 years ago, appears in Hindu holy
books, and introduced into Western medicine in the 1800s
1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Prohibited
production and supply other than for medical purposes
1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Generated
the current schedule drugs, placed THC in Schedule I, and other cannabinoids were not
regulated
Chemical makeup of Cannabis - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Over 100 cannabinoids,
THC responsible for nearly all psychoactive effects, other compounds can modulate THC
effects, and cannabinoid content varies between strains, 1960s marijuana was 2-5% THC,
today is 12% THC
THC levels in plant - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Absent in roots and seeds
Present at low levels in stems
Present in leaves 2-3%
High in flowers up to 25%
Cannabinoids - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔11 types of cannabinoids
,Δ9-THC and CBD are two
Historically, all NIH supplied marijuana has been low THC, high CBD
Δ9-THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Only psychoactive
cannabinoid
Δ9-THC-acid is not psychoactive
converted to Δ9-THC during heating or combustion
CBD (cannabidiol) - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Produces many of the same effects as
THC, but not psychoactive
Reduces psychoactive properties of THC
Concentration in street marijuana has dropped to near 0
CBD-acid is converted to CBD during combustion
CBD-acid is 100-1000x more potent than CBD as an antiemetic
Administration of Cannabis - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Smoking
Vaporizing, reduces toxin formation
Eating
Oral tinctures
Topical
Smoking - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Most common
Bioavailability around 25%, but highly variable, THC plasma Cmax in 6-10 minutes, 60%
after 15 minutes, and 20% after 30 minutes
Oral
Oral (Edibles or THC pill) - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Bioavailability around 6%
Higher when in oils
, THC plasma Cmax in 2-6 hours
Distribution - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔THC is highly lipophilic
Quickly sequestered by organs with high blood flow
THC can be measured in the blood of chronic users more than a month after cessation
Metabolism - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Extensive metabolism in liver
Primarily Cytochrome P450s
Three primary metabolites
11-OH-THC; psychoactive
THC-COOH and glucuronide conjugates; inactive
High inter-individual variability
Not sex-dependent
CYP2C9 variants reduce clearance
Excretion - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Eliminated primarily as metabolites
65% in feces
25% in urine
10-20% remaining after 5 days
One low THC marijuana cigarette detectable for up to 2-5 days or weeks for chronic user
Tolerance - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Tolerance is seen with long-term use
Receptor desensitization
Receptor downregulation
Some receptors affected more than others
Some effects show tolerance while other don't
