1|Pag e
MICR 4423 FINAL EXAM|| LATELY UPDATED
QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT ANSWERS WITH
GUARANTEED A+|| LATEST AND COMPLETE
UPDATE 2025 WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS||
ASSURED PASS!!!
What characterized medicine before the late 19th century? - ANSWER: the four
humors//paliative or aggressive
What were some common medical interventions? - ANSWER: Palliative and
aggressive interventions - non-curative but relieves symptoms, often did more
harm than good; make you bleed, urinate, deficate
Who defined the "four humors" theory and when was it defined? - ANSWER:
Galen in 150 A.D
What are the four humors? - ANSWER: black bile, yellow bile, phlegm, and blood
Contrast the treatments required by the "four humors" theory of disease and the
germ theory of disease. - ANSWER: Germ Theory - finding the bacteria and
killing/stopping growth of it
4 Humors: miasma; rebalancing the humors
About when did the antibiotic age begin? - ANSWER: the first half of the 1940's
what was the first widely availible antibiotic? When were the first patients treated
with it? - ANSWER: penicillin-Albert Alexander (1941) and Ann Miller (1942)
,2|Pag e
when did the first antibiotic become widely available ? - ANSWER: 1945
who was the first person to be treated with penicillin and then went on to live out a
long life? - ANSWER: ann miller (1942)
How was the discovery of dyes that specifically stain particular cell types logically
related to the search for antibacterial drugs? - ANSWER: the dyes were able to
help distinguish between different cells and made the progress quicker
What physical property of Salvarsan and Prontosil made them difficult to
administer? - ANSWER: They were not water soluble
What sulfanilamide-related disaster in Tulsa led to tighter federal regulations of
drug labeling and composition? - ANSWER: The toxic raspberry elixir of
sulfanilamide mixed into diethyl glycogen - killed people who took it
Who is typically credited with the discovery of penicillin? What were his key
contributions? - ANSWER: Fleming; discovered it kills bacteria and that it's
harmless to humans
What was the principal problem that prevented Fleming from developing penicillin
as a treatment? - ANSWER: wasn't able to isolate enough in a stable form to study
it further
Who composed the team that brought treatment with penicillin from an idea to
reality, and what were their roles? Where did they work? When did they conduct
the bulk of their work? - ANSWER: 1. Dunn School Team
- Florey - project leader
- Chain - Chemist
, 3|Pag e
- Heatley - engineer/mechanical genius
2. Worked at the Dunn School in Oxford
3. Worked from 1937-1941
What were the three key advancements in penicillin production that were made at
the Northern Lab in Peoria, IL, and how did they take place? - ANSWER: 1. hyper
producing strain (from moldy cantaloupe)
2. improved medium (corn steep liquor + sugar)
3. deep tank fermentation (scale it up)
What got US pharmaceutical companies interested in penicillin production? -
ANSWER: War Resources Board; Got to keep all intellectual property, $200 per
million unit, tax breaks, grants to build equipment; given all the info, so already
known about about the drug
What disaster in Boston put penicillin in the spotlight? - ANSWER: The cocoanut
grove fire
After penicillin, what was the next antibiotic to be discovered? Who discovered it?
What class of antibiotics does it represent? What class of microorganisms produces
it? What was it good for that penicillin was not? - ANSWER: 1. Streptomycin -
Albert Shatz
2. Class aminoglycosides
3. Class of microorganism actinomycetes
4. It cured tuberculosis TB
Why did it matter that Aureomycin and Terramycin were chemically distinct,
despite being extremely similar? - ANSWER: so they can patent as different drugs
MICR 4423 FINAL EXAM|| LATELY UPDATED
QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT ANSWERS WITH
GUARANTEED A+|| LATEST AND COMPLETE
UPDATE 2025 WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS||
ASSURED PASS!!!
What characterized medicine before the late 19th century? - ANSWER: the four
humors//paliative or aggressive
What were some common medical interventions? - ANSWER: Palliative and
aggressive interventions - non-curative but relieves symptoms, often did more
harm than good; make you bleed, urinate, deficate
Who defined the "four humors" theory and when was it defined? - ANSWER:
Galen in 150 A.D
What are the four humors? - ANSWER: black bile, yellow bile, phlegm, and blood
Contrast the treatments required by the "four humors" theory of disease and the
germ theory of disease. - ANSWER: Germ Theory - finding the bacteria and
killing/stopping growth of it
4 Humors: miasma; rebalancing the humors
About when did the antibiotic age begin? - ANSWER: the first half of the 1940's
what was the first widely availible antibiotic? When were the first patients treated
with it? - ANSWER: penicillin-Albert Alexander (1941) and Ann Miller (1942)
,2|Pag e
when did the first antibiotic become widely available ? - ANSWER: 1945
who was the first person to be treated with penicillin and then went on to live out a
long life? - ANSWER: ann miller (1942)
How was the discovery of dyes that specifically stain particular cell types logically
related to the search for antibacterial drugs? - ANSWER: the dyes were able to
help distinguish between different cells and made the progress quicker
What physical property of Salvarsan and Prontosil made them difficult to
administer? - ANSWER: They were not water soluble
What sulfanilamide-related disaster in Tulsa led to tighter federal regulations of
drug labeling and composition? - ANSWER: The toxic raspberry elixir of
sulfanilamide mixed into diethyl glycogen - killed people who took it
Who is typically credited with the discovery of penicillin? What were his key
contributions? - ANSWER: Fleming; discovered it kills bacteria and that it's
harmless to humans
What was the principal problem that prevented Fleming from developing penicillin
as a treatment? - ANSWER: wasn't able to isolate enough in a stable form to study
it further
Who composed the team that brought treatment with penicillin from an idea to
reality, and what were their roles? Where did they work? When did they conduct
the bulk of their work? - ANSWER: 1. Dunn School Team
- Florey - project leader
- Chain - Chemist
, 3|Pag e
- Heatley - engineer/mechanical genius
2. Worked at the Dunn School in Oxford
3. Worked from 1937-1941
What were the three key advancements in penicillin production that were made at
the Northern Lab in Peoria, IL, and how did they take place? - ANSWER: 1. hyper
producing strain (from moldy cantaloupe)
2. improved medium (corn steep liquor + sugar)
3. deep tank fermentation (scale it up)
What got US pharmaceutical companies interested in penicillin production? -
ANSWER: War Resources Board; Got to keep all intellectual property, $200 per
million unit, tax breaks, grants to build equipment; given all the info, so already
known about about the drug
What disaster in Boston put penicillin in the spotlight? - ANSWER: The cocoanut
grove fire
After penicillin, what was the next antibiotic to be discovered? Who discovered it?
What class of antibiotics does it represent? What class of microorganisms produces
it? What was it good for that penicillin was not? - ANSWER: 1. Streptomycin -
Albert Shatz
2. Class aminoglycosides
3. Class of microorganism actinomycetes
4. It cured tuberculosis TB
Why did it matter that Aureomycin and Terramycin were chemically distinct,
despite being extremely similar? - ANSWER: so they can patent as different drugs
