NP235 Exam 2 Review
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g8jalj
1. What is Adrenal Physical stress from the flu or other infection, or from
Crisis? surgery, can send a patient with Addison disease into
Addisonian crisis. Another situation that can cause symp-
toms of acute lack of cortisol results from prescribed treat-
ment.
2. What are s/s of The patient experiences generalized malaise and mus-
adrenal crisis? cle weakness, muscle pain, orthostatic hypotension, and
vulnerability to cardiac dysrhythmias. Insufficiency of the
glucocorticoids affects blood glucose levels and caus-
es symptoms of hypoglycemia. There is also decreased
secretion of gastrointestinal enzymes, which results in
anorexia, nausea and vomiting, flatulence, and diarrhea.
These symptoms, as well as anxiety, depression, and loss
of mental acuity, have been correlated with the absence of
the peaks of cortisol output that normally occur every 24
hours.
3. What is DIC? Damaged tissue liberates tissue thromboplastin, creat-
ing a state of excessive clotting in the microcirculation
throughout the body. When excessive clotting depletes
the body's clotting factors, hemorrhage follows, leading to
hypotension or shock.
4. What are s/s of Continued bleeding from an injection or IV site, extensive
DIC bruising in areas of injury, ecchymoses where there has
been no trauma, and petechiae.
There may be oral, vaginal, or rectal bleeding. Labora-
tory studies will reveal a decreased hemoglobin and low
platelet count.
The prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin
times will be increased.
The fibrinogen level is reduced, and the fibrin degradation
products level is increased. The D-dimer result is elevated.
5. What are s/s of Increase pulse, confusion, HA, Nervous, Nausea, Cool
hypoglycemia? and clammy skin, shaking
6.
, NP235 Exam 2 Review
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g8jalj
where is insulin The pancreas is both an endocrine (secretes into the
manufactured in bloodstream) and exocrine (secretes through a duct to the
the body target tissues) gland. Its endocrine function is to produce
the hormones insulin and glucagon.
7. What is diabetes formerly called non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
mellitus type 2 (NIDDM)—makes up 90% to 95% of all known cases of
diabetes.
Type 2 diabetes is believed to begin with insulin resis-
tance, in which insulin interaction with glucose becomes
less efficient, and therefore glucose metabolism is abnor-
mal.
More insulin is produced by the pancreas to maintain
cellular metabolism. Type 2 diabetes has a tendency to
develop later in life than does type 1, and patients with
type 2 rarely develop diabetic ketoacidosis.
8. What are some obesity
risk factors for
DM type 2? asian, hispanic, african american, American Indian
In type 2 diabetes there also seems to be a relationship
to aging and a reduction in the function of the pancreatic
beta cells and how they synthesize insulin.
9. Raynaud's dis- characterized by spasm of the arteries of the upper and
ease lower extremities with an exaggerated response to cold
and stress, resulting in bilateral vasospasm.
10. what education protect the extremities from cold, stress, vasoconstriction!
would you pro-
vide to your pa-
tient to prevent The patient should be taught to:
complications of Dress warmly when in cold environments.
Raynauds dis- Clothing should be layered and nonrestrictive. Hat, gloves,
ease and warm socks should be worn.
Wear protective gloves when reaching into ovens and
when handling extremely cold items.
Avoid cold temperatures when possible, to manage stress,
and to stop tobacco use. Caffeine intake should be limited.
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g8jalj
1. What is Adrenal Physical stress from the flu or other infection, or from
Crisis? surgery, can send a patient with Addison disease into
Addisonian crisis. Another situation that can cause symp-
toms of acute lack of cortisol results from prescribed treat-
ment.
2. What are s/s of The patient experiences generalized malaise and mus-
adrenal crisis? cle weakness, muscle pain, orthostatic hypotension, and
vulnerability to cardiac dysrhythmias. Insufficiency of the
glucocorticoids affects blood glucose levels and caus-
es symptoms of hypoglycemia. There is also decreased
secretion of gastrointestinal enzymes, which results in
anorexia, nausea and vomiting, flatulence, and diarrhea.
These symptoms, as well as anxiety, depression, and loss
of mental acuity, have been correlated with the absence of
the peaks of cortisol output that normally occur every 24
hours.
3. What is DIC? Damaged tissue liberates tissue thromboplastin, creat-
ing a state of excessive clotting in the microcirculation
throughout the body. When excessive clotting depletes
the body's clotting factors, hemorrhage follows, leading to
hypotension or shock.
4. What are s/s of Continued bleeding from an injection or IV site, extensive
DIC bruising in areas of injury, ecchymoses where there has
been no trauma, and petechiae.
There may be oral, vaginal, or rectal bleeding. Labora-
tory studies will reveal a decreased hemoglobin and low
platelet count.
The prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin
times will be increased.
The fibrinogen level is reduced, and the fibrin degradation
products level is increased. The D-dimer result is elevated.
5. What are s/s of Increase pulse, confusion, HA, Nervous, Nausea, Cool
hypoglycemia? and clammy skin, shaking
6.
, NP235 Exam 2 Review
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g8jalj
where is insulin The pancreas is both an endocrine (secretes into the
manufactured in bloodstream) and exocrine (secretes through a duct to the
the body target tissues) gland. Its endocrine function is to produce
the hormones insulin and glucagon.
7. What is diabetes formerly called non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
mellitus type 2 (NIDDM)—makes up 90% to 95% of all known cases of
diabetes.
Type 2 diabetes is believed to begin with insulin resis-
tance, in which insulin interaction with glucose becomes
less efficient, and therefore glucose metabolism is abnor-
mal.
More insulin is produced by the pancreas to maintain
cellular metabolism. Type 2 diabetes has a tendency to
develop later in life than does type 1, and patients with
type 2 rarely develop diabetic ketoacidosis.
8. What are some obesity
risk factors for
DM type 2? asian, hispanic, african american, American Indian
In type 2 diabetes there also seems to be a relationship
to aging and a reduction in the function of the pancreatic
beta cells and how they synthesize insulin.
9. Raynaud's dis- characterized by spasm of the arteries of the upper and
ease lower extremities with an exaggerated response to cold
and stress, resulting in bilateral vasospasm.
10. what education protect the extremities from cold, stress, vasoconstriction!
would you pro-
vide to your pa-
tient to prevent The patient should be taught to:
complications of Dress warmly when in cold environments.
Raynauds dis- Clothing should be layered and nonrestrictive. Hat, gloves,
ease and warm socks should be worn.
Wear protective gloves when reaching into ovens and
when handling extremely cold items.
Avoid cold temperatures when possible, to manage stress,
and to stop tobacco use. Caffeine intake should be limited.
